Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Department of Adult health Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 Oct 5;22(1):575. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03630-6.
Malnutrition associated with HIV infection is a complex condition, with HIV-positive children having a higher mortality rate than HIV-negative children, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in children. Data from a variety of situations are needed to counter this, but the evidence is limited, especially for the nutritional status of HIV-infected children. Therefore, this study aims to assess the magnitude of underweight and factors associated with it in children receiving antiretroviral therapy.
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-positive children in South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and anthropometry measurement. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data Version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with nutritional status and variables with p-values ˂0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were considered as statistically significant factors.
Of 406 participants, 379 participant were included in the study, which corresponds to a response rate of 93.3%. About one-third (36.4%) of the caregivers were not first relatives and 162 (42.7%) were unable to read and write. Of the study participants, 101 (26.6%) had a CD4 count below the normal threshold. Ninety (23.7%) of those questioned did not follow any nutritional advice from health care workers. In this study, the prevalence of underweight was 106 (28%). In the multivariable analysis being younger age, having low CD4 count, having recurrent diarrhea, and having poor adherence to dietary advice was significantly associated with being underweight.
This study found that the prevalence of underweight among HIV-positive children in south Gondar is significantly high. Therefore, HIV-positive pediatrics who are young, have low CD4 counts, have recurrent diarrhea, and do not adhere to dietary recommendations need to detect and monitor nutritional problems promptly.
与 HIV 感染相关的营养不良是一种复杂的病症，HIV 阳性儿童的死亡率高于 HIV 阴性儿童，导致儿童发病率和死亡率显著升高。需要从各种情况下获得数据来应对这种情况，但证据有限，特别是针对 HIV 感染儿童的营养状况。因此，本研究旨在评估接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的 HIV 阳性儿童中消瘦的程度及其相关因素。
本研究是在埃塞俄比亚西北部南贡德尔的一家医疗机构进行的一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用访谈者管理的问卷和人体测量法收集数据。数据经过编码并输入 Epi-Data 版本 3.1，使用 SPSS 版本 25 进行分析。采用单变量和多变量二项逻辑回归模型来确定与营养状况相关的因素，在多变量逻辑回归中 p 值 < 0.05 的变量被认为是具有统计学意义的因素。
在 406 名参与者中，有 379 名参与者被纳入研究，应答率为 93.3%。大约三分之一（36.4%）的照顾者不是第一亲属，162 名（42.7%）无法读写。在研究参与者中，有 101 名（26.6%）的 CD4 计数低于正常阈值。被问到的 90 人（23.7%）没有遵循任何来自医护人员的营养建议。在这项研究中，消瘦的患病率为 106 名（28%）。在多变量分析中，年龄较小、CD4 计数较低、反复腹泻和饮食建议的依从性差与消瘦显著相关。
本研究发现，南贡德尔地区 HIV 阳性儿童消瘦的患病率显著较高。因此，需要及时发现和监测年轻、CD4 计数低、反复腹泻和不遵守饮食建议的 HIV 阳性儿科患者的营养问题。
