George Suja, Rafi Mohammed, Aldarmaki Maitha, ElSiddig Mohamed, Al Nuaimi Mariam, Amiri Khaled M A
Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Front Genet. 2022 Sep 19;13:997780. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997780. eCollection 2022.
In the past 2 decades, small non-coding RNAs derived from tRNA (tsRNAs or tRNA derived fragments; tRFs) have emerged as new powerful players in the field of small RNA mediated regulation of gene expression, translation, and epigenetic control. tRFs have been identified from evolutionarily divergent organisms from Archaea, the higher plants, to humans. Recent studies have confirmed their roles in cancers and other metabolic disorders in humans and experimental models. They have been implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants as well. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on tRFs including types of tRFs, their biogenesis, and mechanisms of action. The review also highlights recent studies involving differential expression profiling of tRFs and elucidation of specific functions of individual tRFs from various species. We also discuss potential considerations while designing experiments involving tRFs identification and characterization and list the available bioinformatics tools for this purpose.
在过去20年中，源自转运RNA（tsRNA或tRNA衍生片段；tRF）的小非编码RNA已成为小RNA介导的基因表达调控、翻译和表观遗传控制领域的新的重要参与者。从古细菌、高等植物到人类等进化上不同的生物体中都已鉴定出tRF。最近的研究证实了它们在人类和实验模型中的癌症及其他代谢紊乱中的作用。它们也与植物的生物和非生物胁迫反应有关。在本综述中，我们总结了关于tRF的当前知识，包括tRF的类型、它们的生物合成和作用机制。该综述还强调了最近涉及tRF差异表达谱分析以及阐明来自不同物种的单个tRF的特定功能的研究。我们还讨论了设计涉及tRF鉴定和表征的实验时的潜在考虑因素，并列出了为此目的可用的生物信息学工具。
