Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022 Sep 29;17:2431-2441. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S377140. eCollection 2022.
The prevalence of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain has been evaluated in the last ten years by EPISCAN in 2007 and EPISCAN II in 2017. This study describes changes in the prevalence of COPD in an urban region of Spain in the last 10 years, its risk factors and underdiagnosis.
Participants from the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain) were selected from both studies up to the age of 80 years. A descriptive analysis of their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as by gender, was conducted. COPD was defined by a post-bronchodilator ratio <0.70.
The prevalence of COPD in the Autonomous Community of Madrid increased non-significantly from 11.0% (95% CI: 8.9-13.5%) to 12.1% (95% CI: 9.6-15.1, p=0.612). However, the prevalence by gender showed an increase in women (5.6% to 14.7%, p<0.001) and a decrease in men (17.6% to 9.8%, p=0.08). Underdiagnosis was reduced from 81.0% to 67.9% (p=0.006), although with greater underdiagnosis in women (86.4% in EPISCAN and 100% in EPISCAN II). Smoking was higher in men than in women in EPISCAN (31.2% vs 23.0%, p<0.01) but with no differences by gender in EPISCAN II (25.5% men vs 26.0% women, p=0.146). Age, smoking, low BMI, and a sedentary lifestyle were consistently associated with COPD.
In 10 years in Madrid, there have been no changes in the global prevalence of COPD, but there have been important changes in women, with an increase in its prevalence, smoking habit and underdiagnosis.
2007 年的 EPISCAN 和 2017 年的 EPISCAN II 评估了过去十年中西班牙慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的流行情况。本研究描述了过去 10 年中西班牙一个城市地区 COPD 的患病率变化、其危险因素和漏诊情况。
从西班牙马德里自治区的两项研究中选择年龄在 80 岁以下的参与者。对其社会人口统计学和临床特征进行了描述性分析，并按性别进行了分析。COPD 通过支气管扩张剂后比值<0.70 来定义。
马德里自治区 COPD 的患病率从 11.0%（95%CI：8.9-13.5%）非显著增加至 12.1%（95%CI：9.6-15.1，p=0.612）。然而，按性别划分的患病率显示女性增加（从 5.6%增加至 14.7%，p<0.001），男性减少（从 17.6%减少至 9.8%，p=0.08）。漏诊率从 81.0%降至 67.9%（p=0.006），但女性漏诊率更高（EPISCAN 中为 86.4%，EPISCAN II 中为 100%）。EPISCAN 中男性的吸烟率高于女性（31.2%比 23.0%，p<0.01），但 EPISCAN II 中无性别差异（男性 25.5%，女性 26.0%，p=0.146）。年龄、吸烟、低 BMI 和久坐不动的生活方式与 COPD 一直相关。
在马德里的 10 年中，COPD 的总体患病率没有变化，但女性的患病率、吸烟习惯和漏诊率发生了重大变化。
