Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2023 Sep;132(9):985-995. doi: 10.1177/00034894221126259. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
To determine whether preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for cochlear damage and sensorineural hearing impairment in infants.
Longitudinal study was conducted in 2 tertiary referral centers. 1068 neonates were included, who were born to preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and healthy mothers. The hearing evaluation was done using DPOAE on day 2 and for those who failed the initial DPOAE on day 2, underwent repeat DPOAE on day 15, ABR was done on day 30 if repeat DPOAE was Refer. The results were compared between the groups and analyzed.
On initial DPOAE, bilateral ear absent DPOAE rates were 19.5%, 15.8%, and 3.5% among preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), control groups respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( < .001). Also it was noted that absent DPOAE was significantly high at low and mid frequencies (1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz) in bilateral ear. However the difference in repeat DPOAE among the groups were not significant (Right ear = .17, Left ear = .31). Infants who failed repeat DPOAE test underwent ABR test in which 3 of GDM group, 2 infants of preeclampsia group and 1 infant of control group had absent ABR test.
This study reveals that GDM and preeclampsia showed remarkable association of hearing loss at lower and mid frequencies which was transient. The prevalence of absent DPOAE was corresponding to the severity of the maternal conditions under the study.
确定子痫前期和妊娠期糖尿病是否是婴儿耳蜗损伤和感觉神经性听力障碍的危险因素。
在 2 个三级转诊中心进行了一项纵向研究。共纳入 1068 例新生儿，他们分别来自子痫前期、妊娠期糖尿病和健康母亲。使用 DPOAE 在第 2 天进行听力评估，对于那些在第 2 天初次 DPOAE 失败的婴儿，在第 15 天进行重复 DPOAE，如果重复 DPOAE 也未通过，则在第 30 天进行 ABR。比较各组之间的结果并进行分析。
在初次 DPOAE 中，子痫前期、妊娠期糖尿病和对照组双侧耳无 DPOAE 率分别为 19.5%、15.8%和 3.5%，差异具有统计学意义（ < .001）。还注意到，双侧耳的无 DPOAE 在低频和中频（1000、2000、3000 和 4000 Hz）明显较高。然而，各组之间的重复 DPOAE 差异无统计学意义（右耳 = .17，左耳 = .31）。重复 DPOAE 测试失败的婴儿进行了 ABR 测试，其中 3 例 GDM 组、2 例子痫前期组和 1 例对照组婴儿的 ABR 测试结果为无反应。
本研究表明，GDM 和子痫前期与低频和中频听力损失有显著关联，这种听力损失是短暂的。无 DPOAE 的发生率与研究中母体状况的严重程度相对应。
