Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(54):81087-81111. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23328-7. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
Noise exposure has reached an alarming degree over the years because of rapid growth in the industry, transportation, and urbanization. Therefore, it is a dire need to provide awareness of the sources and mitigation strategies of noise, and to highlight the health, and socio-economic impacts of noise. A few research studies have documented this emerging issue; however, there is no comprehensive document describing all types of noise, their impacts on living organisms, and control strategies. This review article summarizes the sources of noise; their effects on industrial workers, citizens, and animals; and the value of property in noisy areas. The plethora of literature is showing an increased level of noise in various cities of the world, which have various health consequences such as high blood pressure, insomnia, nausea, heart attack, exhaustion, dizziness, headache, and triggered hearing loss. Apart from humans, noise also affects animal habitat, preying, and reproduction ability; increases heart rate and hearing loss to even death and loss in property value; and impairs the hospital environment. Finally, we have discussed the possible strategies to mitigate the noise problem, policy statements, and regulations to be followed, with future research directions based on the identified research gaps.
多年来，由于工业、交通和城市化的快速发展，噪声污染已经达到了令人震惊的程度。因此，迫切需要提高人们对噪声源和缓解策略的认识，并强调噪声对健康和社会经济的影响。一些研究已经记录了这一新兴问题；然而，没有全面的文件来描述所有类型的噪声、它们对生物的影响以及控制策略。本文综述了噪声的来源；它们对工业工人、市民和动物的影响；以及嘈杂地区的财产价值。大量文献表明，世界上各个城市的噪声水平都在不断提高，这会对人类健康造成多种后果，如高血压、失眠、恶心、心脏病、疲劳、头晕、头痛和听力下降。除了人类，噪声还会影响动物的栖息地、捕食和繁殖能力；导致心率加快和听力损失，甚至死亡和财产价值损失；并破坏医院环境。最后，我们讨论了减轻噪声问题的可能策略、需要遵循的政策声明和法规，并根据已确定的研究差距提出了未来的研究方向。
