Overkott Clara, Souza Alessandra S, Morey Candice C
Department of Psychology.
School of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2023 Mar;152(3):825-838. doi: 10.1037/xge0001305. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
The capacity limitations of visual working memory may be bypassed by verbal labeling. In adults, labeling increases estimates of both quantity and quality of visual working memory. However, we do not know when children begin to use labeling and whether labeling similarly benefits visual memories of children under and over age 7. We assessed whether children benefit from prompted and spontaneous labeling opportunities, examining how labeling affects the storage of categorical (prototypical) and continuous (fine-grained) color information. Participants memorized colored candies for a continuous reproduction test either while remaining silent, labeling the colors aloud, or saying irrelevant syllables (discouraging verbal labeling). Mixture modeling confirmed that both categorical and continuous representations increased with age. Our labeling manipulation showed that spontaneous labeling increased with age. For the youngest children, prompted labeling especially boosted categorical memory, whereas labeling benefited categorical and continuous memory similarly in the older age groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
言语标签可能会绕过视觉工作记忆的容量限制。在成年人中，标签会提高对视觉工作记忆的数量和质量的估计。然而，我们不知道儿童何时开始使用标签，以及标签是否同样有益于7岁以下和7岁以上儿童的视觉记忆。我们评估了儿童是否能从提示性和自发性的标签机会中受益，研究了标签如何影响分类（原型）和连续（细粒度）颜色信息的存储。参与者在保持沉默、大声说出颜色标签或说出无关音节（抑制言语标签）的同时，记住彩色糖果以进行连续再现测试。混合模型证实，分类和连续表征都随着年龄的增长而增加。我们的标签操作表明，自发性标签随着年龄的增长而增加。对于最年幼的儿童，提示性标签尤其能增强分类记忆，而在年龄较大的组中，标签对分类和连续记忆的益处相似。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2023美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
