Whitridge Jedidiah W, Clark Chris A, Hourihan Kathleen L, Fawcett Jonathan M
Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NF, Canada.
Psychology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2025 Feb;32(1):482-491. doi: 10.3758/s13423-024-02566-5. Epub 2024 Aug 26.
The production effect refers to the finding that participants better remember items read aloud than items read silently. This pattern has been attributed to aloud items being relatively more distinctive in memory than silent items, owing to the integration of additional sensorimotor features within the encoding episode that are thought to facilitate performance at test. Other theorists have instead argued that producing an item encourages additional forms of processing not limited to production itself. We tested this hypothesis using a modified production task where participants named monochromatic line drawings aloud or silently either by generating the names themselves (no label condition) or reading a provided label (label condition). During a later test, participants were presented with each line drawing a second time and required to reproduce the original color and location using a continuous slider. Production was found to improve memory for visual features, but only when participants were required to generate the label themselves. Our findings support the notion that picture naming improves memory for visual features; however, this benefit appears to be driven by factors related to response generation rather than production itself.
参与者对大声朗读的项目的记忆要比对默读项目的记忆更好。这种模式被归因于大声朗读的项目在记忆中比默读项目相对更具独特性，这是由于在编码过程中整合了额外的感觉运动特征，这些特征被认为有助于在测试时的表现。相反，其他理论家认为生成一个项目会鼓励不限于生成本身的其他形式的加工。我们使用一种修改后的生成任务来检验这一假设，在该任务中，参与者通过自己生成名称（无标签条件）或阅读提供的标签（有标签条件），大声或默读单色线条画的名称。在随后的测试中，再次向参与者展示每幅线条画，并要求他们使用连续滑块重现原始颜色和位置。结果发现，生成能提高对视觉特征的记忆，但前提是参与者需要自己生成标签。我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即图片命名能提高对视觉特征的记忆；然而，这种益处似乎是由与反应生成相关的因素驱动的，而非生成本身。
