Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, B-9090 Melle, Belgium.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Jul;91(7):3253-64. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5874. Epub 2013 May 8.
Echium oil (source of stearidonic acid) and linseed oil (source of α-linolenic acid) were evaluated as alternatives for fish oil in the diet of sows to increase the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status of the offspring. The hypothesis was that echium oil would be more efficient than linseed oil to increase the DHA concentration, as it bypasses the enzyme Δ6-desaturase. In addition, it was determined whether adding PUFA to the diet affected the plasma oxidative status. Sows were fed either a palm oil diet or a diet containing 1% linseed oil, echium oil, or fish oil from d 73 of gestation and during lactation (n = 16 per dietary treatment). Total oil concentrations in the diets were similar among dietary treatments. Blood samples were taken for fatty acid analysis and oxidative status of sows on d 73 and 93 of gestation and at parturition and the lightest and heaviest piglet per litter at birth and weaning. Colostrum was also sampled. No effect of diet was observed on total number of piglets born (13.7 ± 0.4), number of weaned piglets (10.8 ± 0.4), and gestation length (114.8 ± 0.2 d). Piglets from sows fed fish oil had lighter birth weights (1.41 ± 0.03 kg) than piglets from the linseed oil diet (1.54 ± 0.03 kg; P = 0.006), with no difference between the palm oil (1.45 ± 0.03 kg) and echium oil diet (1.49 ± 0.03 kg). Daily BW gain until weaning was less for piglets from sows fed the fish oil diet (214 ± 5 g) compared with piglets from sows fed the echium oil (240 ± 5 g; P < 0.001) or linseed oil diet (234 ± 5 g; P = 0.02). Compared with the palm oil diet, echium and linseed oil in the maternal diet increased the DHA concentration in the colostrum and the sow and piglet plasma to the same extent (1.1 to 1.4-fold; P < 0.001). On the fish oil diet, 20.7-fold, 10-fold, and 2.4-fold increases in DHA in colostrum, sow, and piglet plasma, respectively, were observed (P < 0.001). At 1% in the maternal diet, echium oil had, thus, no benefit over linseed oil and resulted in a twofold less DHA concentration in the plasma of piglets compared with fish oil. Including n-3 PUFA in the maternal diet did not affect oxidative status of the mother or the offspring.
菜籽油（来源于硬脂酸）和亚麻籽油（来源于α-亚麻酸）被评估为母猪饲料中替代鱼油的物质，以增加后代的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）水平。该假设是，菜籽油比亚麻籽油更有效，因为它绕过了Δ6-去饱和酶。此外，还确定了在饮食中添加多不饱和脂肪酸是否会影响血浆氧化状态。母猪从妊娠第 73 天到哺乳期（n = 16 头/日粮处理），分别喂食棕榈油日粮或含 1%亚麻籽油、菜籽油或鱼油的日粮。日粮中的总油浓度在日粮处理之间相似。在妊娠第 73 天和 93 天以及分娩时以及每窝出生和断奶时最轻和最重的仔猪采集母猪的血液样本进行脂肪酸分析和氧化状态分析。还采集了初乳。日粮对总产仔数（13.7 ± 0.4）、断奶仔猪数（10.8 ± 0.4）和妊娠期（114.8 ± 0.2d）没有影响。来自饲喂鱼油母猪的仔猪出生体重较轻（1.41 ± 0.03kg），低于饲喂亚麻籽油母猪的仔猪（1.54 ± 0.03kg；P = 0.006），与饲喂棕榈油（1.45 ± 0.03kg）和菜籽油母猪的仔猪无差异（1.49 ± 0.03kg）。与饲喂菜籽油母猪的仔猪相比，饲喂鱼油母猪的仔猪直到断奶的日 BW 增重较低（214 ± 5g）（P < 0.001），而饲喂亚麻籽油（234 ± 5g；P = 0.02）或菜籽油母猪的仔猪（240 ± 5g）。与棕榈油日粮相比，日粮中添加菜籽油和亚麻籽油可使初乳以及母猪和仔猪血浆中的 DHA 浓度相同程度地增加（1.1 至 1.4 倍；P < 0.001）。在鱼油日粮中，分别观察到初乳、母猪和仔猪血浆中 DHA 增加 20.7 倍、10 倍和 2.4 倍（P < 0.001）。在日粮中添加 1%时，菜籽油与亚麻籽油相比没有益处，并且与鱼油相比，仔猪血浆中的 DHA 浓度降低了两倍。在母体饮食中添加 n-3PUFA 不会影响母体或后代的氧化状态。
