Allan L D, Chita S K, Al-Ghazali W, Crawford D C, Tynan M
Br Heart J. 1987 Jun;57(6):528-33. doi: 10.1136/hrt.57.6.528.
Pulsed wave Doppler estimates of blood flow velocity were made across the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves in a series of 120 normal fetuses (gestational age 16-36 weeks). In 36 of these the data were obtained in all four sites. The maximum and mean velocities were calculated for each valve and these values were plotted against gestational age. There was little change in these values throughout pregnancy. The orifice dimensions of the valves were measured by cross sectional echocardiography. At all ages the tricuspid orifice was larger than the mitral and the pulmonary orifice was larger than the aortic. The blood flow values for each valve were derived from the product of the mean velocity and the valve orifice dimensions. The output of the right ventricle was usually, but not always, greater than that of the left ventricle. Combined ventricular output increased from approximately 50 ml/min at 18 weeks to 1200 ml/min at term. Despite limitations in the accuracy of the technique these results form a useful basis for the analysis of blood flow in the normal fetus and for the interpretation of abnormal Doppler findings in prenatal life.
对120例正常胎儿（孕龄16 - 36周）的二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣进行了脉冲波多普勒血流速度估计。其中36例在所有四个部位获取了数据。计算每个瓣膜的最大和平均速度，并将这些值与孕龄作图。整个孕期这些值变化不大。通过横截面超声心动图测量瓣膜的口尺寸。在所有年龄段，三尖瓣口大于二尖瓣口，肺动脉口大于主动脉口。每个瓣膜的血流值由平均速度与瓣膜口尺寸的乘积得出。右心室输出通常但并非总是大于左心室输出。联合心室输出从18周时的约50毫升/分钟增加到足月时的1200毫升/分钟。尽管该技术的准确性存在局限性，但这些结果为分析正常胎儿的血流以及解释产前异常多普勒检查结果提供了有用的基础。
