Martinez Bridget, Peplow Philip V
Department of Pharmacology; Department of Medicine, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NEV, USA.
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Neural Regen Res. 2023 Apr;18(4):716-726. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.354510.
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults, accounting for one third of all diagnosed epileptic patients, with seizures originating from or involving mesial temporal structures such as the hippocampus, and many of these patients being refractory to treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common childhood neurological disorder and, compared with adults, the symptoms are greatly affected by age and brain development. Diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy relies on clinical examination, patient history, electroencephalographic recordings, and brain imaging. Misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis is common. A molecular biomarker that could distinguish epilepsy from healthy subjects and other neurological conditions would allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to be initiated. Among possible biomarkers of pathological changes as well as potential therapeutic targets in the epileptic brain are microRNAs. Most of the recent studies had performed microRNA profiling in body fluids such as blood plasma and blood serum and brain tissues such as temporal cortex tissue and hippocampal tissue. A large number of microRNAs were dysregulated when compared to healthy controls and with some overlap between individual studies that could serve as potential biomarkers. For example, in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy, possible biomarkers are miR-199a-3p in blood plasma and miR-142-5p in blood plasma and blood serum. In adults with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, possible biomarkers are miR-153 in blood plasma and miR-145-3p in blood serum. However, in many of the studies involving patients who receive one or several anti-epileptic drugs, the influence of these on microRNA expression in body fluids and brain tissues is largely unknown. Further studies are warranted with children with temporal lobe epilepsy and consideration should be given to utilizing mouse or rat and non-human primate models of temporal lobe epilepsy. The animal models could be used to confirm microRNA findings in human patients and to test the effects of targeting specific microRNAs on disease progression and behavior.
颞叶癫痫是成人局灶性癫痫最常见的形式，占所有确诊癫痫患者的三分之一，其发作起源于或累及内侧颞叶结构，如海马体，并且这些患者中的许多人对抗癫痫药物治疗无效。颞叶癫痫是儿童最常见的神经系统疾病，与成人相比，其症状受年龄和脑发育的影响很大。颞叶癫痫的诊断依赖于临床检查、患者病史、脑电图记录和脑部成像。误诊或诊断延迟很常见。一种能够将癫痫与健康受试者及其他神经系统疾病区分开来的分子生物标志物，将有助于更早、更准确地进行诊断并启动适当的治疗。在癫痫脑病理变化的可能生物标志物以及潜在治疗靶点中，微小RNA是其中之一。最近的大多数研究都在诸如血浆和血清等体液以及诸如颞叶皮质组织和海马组织等脑组织中进行了微小RNA分析。与健康对照相比，大量微小RNA表达失调，并且个别研究之间存在一些重叠，这些微小RNA可作为潜在的生物标志物。例如，在患有颞叶癫痫的成人中，血浆中的miR-199a-3p以及血浆和血清中的miR-142-5p可能是生物标志物。在患有内侧颞叶癫痫 的成人中，血浆中的miR-153和血清中的miR-145-3p可能是生物标志物。然而，在许多涉及接受一种或几种抗癫痫药物治疗的患者的研究中，这些药物对体液和脑组织中微小RNA表达的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。有必要对患有颞叶癫痫的儿童进行进一步研究，并且应考虑使用颞叶癫痫的小鼠或大鼠以及非人类灵长类动物模型。这些动物模型可用于确认人类患者中微小RNA的研究结果，并测试靶向特定微小RNA对疾病进展和行为的影响。
