Martinez Bridget, Peplow Philip V
Department of Pharmacology; Department of Medicine, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, USA.
Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Neural Regen Res. 2024 Mar;19(3):557-562. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.380880.
Inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention characterize attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder. The cognitive function and learning ability of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are affected, and these symptoms may persist to adulthood if they are not treated. The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is only based on symptoms and objective tests for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are missing. Treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children include medications, behavior therapy, counseling, and education services which can relieve many of the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but cannot cure it. There is a need for a molecular biomarker to distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from healthy subjects and other neurological conditions, which would allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to be initiated. Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The recent studies reviewed had performed microRNA profiling in whole blood, white blood cells, blood plasma, and blood serum of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A large number of microRNAs were dysregulated when compared to healthy controls and with some overlap between individual studies. From the studies that had included a validation set of patients and controls, potential candidate biomarkers for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children could be miR-140-3p, let-7g-5p, -30e-5p, -223-3p, -142-5p, -486-5p, -151a-3p, -151a-5p, and -126-5p in total white blood cells, and miR-4516, -6090, -4763-3p, -4281, -4466, -101-3p, -130a-3p, -138-5p, -195-5p, and -106b-5p in blood serum. Further studies are warranted with children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and consideration should be given to utilizing rat models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Animal studies could be used to confirm microRNA findings in human patients and to test the effects of targeting specific microRNAs on disease progression and behavior.
注意力缺陷多动障碍是一种常见的儿童期起病的神经精神疾病，其特征为多动、冲动和注意力不集中的程度异常。注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的认知功能和学习能力会受到影响，如果不进行治疗，这些症状可能会持续到成年期。注意力缺陷多动障碍的诊断仅基于症状，缺乏针对该疾病的客观检测方法。儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍的治疗方法包括药物治疗、行为疗法、咨询和教育服务，这些方法可以缓解注意力缺陷多动障碍的许多症状，但无法治愈该疾病。需要一种分子生物标志物来区分注意力缺陷多动障碍患者与健康受试者以及其他神经系统疾病，这将有助于早期、更准确地诊断并启动适当的治疗。微小RNA的异常表达与大脑发育和疾病有关，可为注意力缺陷多动障碍的诊断和预后提供新的生物标志物。最近综述的研究对注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的全血、白细胞、血浆和血清进行了微小RNA谱分析。与健康对照组相比，大量微小RNA表达失调，且各研究之间存在一些重叠。在纳入了患者和对照组验证集的研究中，全血中可能作为儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍潜在候选生物标志物的有miR-140-3p、let-7g-5p、-30e-5p、-223-3p、-142-5p、-486-5p、-151a-3p、-151a-5p和-126-5p，血清中可能的有miR-4516、-6090、-4763-3p、-4281、-4466、-101-3p、-130a-3p、-138-5p、-195-5p和-106b-5p。有必要对患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童和成人进行进一步研究，并应考虑利用注意力缺陷多动障碍的大鼠模型。动物研究可用于证实人类患者的微小RNA研究结果，并测试靶向特定微小RNA对疾病进展和行为的影响。
