Department of Plant and Animal Production, Tunceli Vocational School of Higher Education, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey.
Microsc Res Tech. 2022 Dec;85(12):3895-3907. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24239. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
Copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP) is used widely in many fields in nanotechnology. For this reason, both production, use, and release to the environment are increasing with each passing day. With the increased use of products that contain nanoparticles (NP) (<100 nm), plants and organisms that constitute the food chain are at risk. In the present study, Phaseolus vulgaris L., a very common food plant, was exposed to metal-based CuO NPs. The anomalies that were caused by CuO NP in germination and mitosis of P. vulgaris were investigated. In the trials, a total of 4 groups (Control, 50, 150, and 300 ppm) were formed and examined in three replications. The determination of the accumulation and elimination rate because of NPs in P. vulgaris that was used in the study was made through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), mapping image, and EDX characteristic spectrum analysis. Also, the mitotic effects on germination, root development, and root tip cells of seeds that were grown by treatment with control, 50, 150, and 300 ppm concentrations were investigated. The study was conducted in three replications in a laboratory setting. All concentrations of CuO NPs caused significant decreases in the mitotic index in the root tip cells of P. vulgaris when compared to the control. The mitotic index reached the lowest level, especially at the highest concentration. Multiple analyzes in the study showed that CuO NPs cause abnormalities in cell division such as C-metaphase, distorted metaphase, distorted anaphase and telophase, chromosome breakage, asynchronous division, advanced chromosomes, micronucleus, and loss of genetic material. These findings also support that the Cytogenetic Test of P. vulgaris can be used to evaluate the genotoxicity of new nanomaterials that are used in many consumer products. In this respect, NPs that are taken up by the organisms in the food chain may pose a danger to higher consumer organisms when they accumulate in the tissue. A control mechanism must be established for the use and contamination of these particles and wider studies must be conducted regarding their effects. HIGHLIGHTS: The effects of CuO nanoparticle, which has a very wide usage area, on root development and mitosis of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plant were investigated in the study. The abnormalities of mitotic division on interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase were visualized. Evaluation was made considering scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results as well.
氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NP）在纳米技术的许多领域中被广泛应用。因此，其生产、使用和向环境释放的情况都在与日俱增。随着含有纳米颗粒（NP）（<100nm）的产品的使用增加，构成食物链的植物和生物都面临着风险。在本研究中，普通食用植物菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）被暴露于金属基 CuO NPs 下。研究调查了 CuO NP 对菜豆萌发和有丝分裂的影响。在试验中，共形成了 4 组（对照、50、150 和 300ppm），并在三个重复中进行了检查。通过 X 射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、映射图像和 EDX 特征谱分析，对研究中使用的菜豆中的 NPs 进行了积累和消除率的测定。还研究了用对照、50、150 和 300ppm 浓度处理后种子萌发、根系发育和根尖细胞的有丝分裂效应。该研究在实验室环境中进行了三次重复。与对照组相比，所有浓度的 CuO NPs 均导致菜豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数显著降低。有丝分裂指数达到最低水平，尤其是在最高浓度时。研究中的多项分析表明，CuO NPs 导致细胞分裂异常，如 C 中期、变形中期、变形后期和末期、染色体断裂、异步分裂、染色体提前、微核和遗传物质丢失。这些发现还表明，菜豆的细胞遗传学测试可用于评估许多消费品中使用的新型纳米材料的遗传毒性。在这方面，食物链中的生物体吸收的 NPs 可能会在组织中积累时对更高的消费者生物体造成危险。必须建立对这些颗粒的使用和污染的控制机制，并对其影响进行更广泛的研究。 重点： 研究了广泛应用的氧化铜纳米颗粒（CuO NP）对菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）植物根发育和有丝分裂的影响。 可视化了有丝分裂分裂间期、前期、中期、后期和末期的异常。 还考虑了扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）结果进行了评估。
