Department of Biology, University AKLI Mohand Oulhadj, Bouira, Algeria; Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Disease, of Biology and Animal Physiology, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Algeria.
Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Disease, of Biology and Animal Physiology, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Algeria.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Jan 30;301:115771. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115771. Epub 2022 Oct 4.
Species of Echium trygorrhizum Pomel, belonging to the Boraginaceae family, grow wild in North Africa. This plant is used in traditional Algerian medicine for the treatment of Diabetes, Jaundice and Tonsillitis.
To our knowledge, no work has been done on the phytochemistry and biological activities of this plant. Moreover, no study has yet corroborated that the use of this plant is safe. Therefore, the present study was carried out to gather information on the various medicinal uses of this plant and to evaluate the total phenolic content and assess its safety after acute and sub-acute toxicity tests with rodents (mice and rats).
An ethnopharmacological survey was carried out using a direct questionnaire. It included some questions relating to the plant. The content of polyphénols, flavonoids and tannins present in the aqueous extract was determined by colorimetric methods. In the acute toxicity tests, three groups each containing five males and five females Albino mice were formed. The control group received water, while the test groups received different doses of aqueous extract (2000 and 5000) mg/kg body weight. In the subacute toxicity study, different doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) of the aqueous extract were administered to male and female rats for 28 consecutive days. Hematological analysis, biochemical parameters estimation and histopathological examination have been determined at the end of the treatment.
Data from the ethnopharmacological survey showed that 25, 31% of people used this plant in Algeria as a traditional medicine for the treatment of Jaundice (100%), Diabetes (28, 33%) and Tonsillitis (10%). Results also revealed that aqueous extract contains high amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. The extract did not cause any toxicity during the 14-days observation period after a single dose of 5000 mg/kg was administered to mice, with LD50 values greater than 5000 mg/kg. In a further step, the administration of the aqueous extract at all dose levels (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) to male and female rats during the 28-days study did not result in any deaths or behavioral changes, and there were no changes in body weight, relative organ weights, or food consumption as a result of this experiment. However, male rats showed a significant difference in relative liver weight in the high dose group (1000 mg/kg) (p < 0.05) and the satellite group (p < 0.01). In female rats, liver weight significantly increased only in the satellite group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). The results showed an increase in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) in the female groups. However, a clear decrease was observed in plasma ALP enzyme activities in females treated with the doses of 250 and 1000 mg/kg (p < 0.05) after the treatment periods.
The study indicated that the single dose of 5 g/kg AQE can be considered relatively safe as it did not cause death or any signs of toxicity in mice. Repeated oral administration of AQE at doses below 250 g/kg/day for 28 consecutive days can be considered relatively safe.
属于紫草科的鹤首草属植物，在北非野生生长。这种植物在阿尔及利亚传统医学中用于治疗糖尿病、黄疸和扁桃体炎。
据我们所知，尚未对这种植物的植物化学和生物活性进行研究。此外，尚无研究证实这种植物的使用是安全的。因此，本研究旨在收集有关该植物各种药用用途的信息，并评估其总酚含量，并在急性和亚急性毒性试验后评估其安全性，该试验在啮齿动物（小鼠和大鼠）中进行。
采用直接问卷调查进行民族药理学调查。它包括一些与植物有关的问题。通过比色法测定水提物中多酚、类黄酮和单宁的含量。在急性毒性试验中，将每组 5 只雄性和 5 只雌性白化病小鼠分成三组。对照组给予水，而试验组给予不同剂量的水提物（2000 和 5000）mg/kg 体重。在亚急性毒性研究中，不同剂量（250、500 和 1000mg/kg）的水提物连续 28 天给予雄性和雌性大鼠。在治疗结束时，测定了血液学分析、生化参数估计和组织病理学检查。
民族药理学调查的数据显示，25%、31%的人在阿尔及利亚将这种植物用作治疗黄疸（100%）、糖尿病（28.33%）和扁桃体炎（10%）的传统药物。结果还表明，水提物含有大量的多酚、类黄酮和单宁。在向小鼠单次给药 5000mg/kg 后观察期为 14 天内，提取物未引起任何毒性，LD50 值大于 5000mg/kg。在进一步的步骤中，在 28 天的研究期间，以所有剂量水平（250、500 和 1000mg/kg）向雄性和雌性大鼠给予水提物不会导致任何死亡或行为改变，并且体重、相对器官重量或由于本实验，食物消耗没有变化。然而，雄性大鼠在高剂量组（1000mg/kg）（p<0.05）和卫星组（p<0.01）中相对肝重有显著差异。在雌性大鼠中，仅在卫星组中观察到与对照组相比肝重显著增加（p<0.01）。结果表明，雌性组的红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）和血细胞比容（Hct）增加。然而，在治疗期后，用 250 和 1000mg/kg 治疗的雌性血浆碱性磷酸酶（ALP）酶活性明显降低（p<0.05）。
研究表明，5g/kg AQE 的单剂量可被认为是相对安全的，因为它不会导致小鼠死亡或任何毒性迹象。连续 28 天每天口服 AQE 低于 250g/kg 的剂量可被认为是相对安全的。
