Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 91 West of Qianjin Road, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
Information Department, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 7;12(1):16807. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21383-1.
Evidence for an association between the amount of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere and vitamin D status of pregnant women is limited. We aimed to examine the independent association between PM and maternal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) during the second trimester and to explore possible modifications to the association by meteorological factors. 27,768 pregnant women presenting for prenatal examination who were tested for serum 25OHD concentration during the second trimester between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020, were included in this retrospective analysis. Exposure to PM was evaluated based on daily average PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM) and PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 10 μm (PM). Corresponding meteorological data for daily average atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and wind speed were collected. The maximum cumulative effects of PM occurred at lag 45 days, and the maximum cumulative effects of PM occurred at lag 60 days. In crude models, 45-day moving daily average PM concentrations were negatively associated with 25OHD levels (β, - 0.20; 95% CI - 0.21 to - 0.19), as were 60-day moving daily average PM concentrations (β, - 0.14; 95% CI - 0.15 to - 0.14). After adjusting for temporal and meteorological factors, the effect values were drastically reduced (adjusted β of PM, - 0.032; 95% CI - 0.046 to - 0.018; adjusted β of PM, - 0.039; 95% CI - 0.049 to - 0.028). Our study showed there was a small, independent, negative association between PM in the atmosphere and maternal serum 25OHD levels during the second trimester of pregnancy after adjusting for temporal and/or meteorological factors, which indicates that PM may have a limited influence on maternal serum 25OHD levels. Besides taking vitamin D supplements, pregnant women should keep participating in outdoor activities while taking PM protection measures to improve their vitamin D levels when PM levels are high in winter and spring.
目前关于大气中颗粒物（PM）含量与孕妇维生素 D 状态之间存在关联的证据有限。本研究旨在探讨 PM 与孕妇妊娠中期血清 25-羟维生素 D（25OHD）水平之间的独立关联，并探索气象因素对该关联的可能影响。
本研究回顾性分析了 2016 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日期间进行妊娠中期血清 25OHD 浓度检测的 27768 名孕妇。PM 暴露的评估基于每日平均 ≤ 2.5μm（PM）和 ≤ 10μm（PM）的空气动力学直径的 PM。收集了每日平均大气温度、大气压力、相对湿度、日照时间和风速的相应气象数据。PM 的最大累积效应出现在滞后 45 天，PM 的最大累积效应出现在滞后 60 天。在原始模型中，45 天移动的每日平均 PM 浓度与 25OHD 水平呈负相关（β，-0.20；95%CI-0.21 至-0.19），60 天移动的每日平均 PM 浓度也呈负相关（β，-0.14；95%CI-0.15 至-0.14）。在调整了时间和气象因素后，效应值明显降低（调整后的 PMβ，-0.032；95%CI-0.046 至-0.018；调整后的 PMβ，-0.039；95%CI-0.049 至-0.028）。
本研究表明，在调整了时间和/或气象因素后，大气中 PM 与妊娠中期孕妇血清 25OHD 水平之间存在较小的、独立的负相关关系，这表明 PM 对孕妇血清 25OHD 水平的影响可能有限。除了服用维生素 D 补充剂外，孕妇在冬季和春季 PM 水平较高时，应在采取 PM 保护措施的同时继续参加户外活动，以提高其维生素 D 水平。
