Molecular Biology and Virology lab, Biomedical Sciences Program, UST, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, 12578, Giza, Egypt.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Dec;49(12):11775-11793. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07947-4. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
Immunotherapy has been established as a promising therapy for different cancer types. However, many patients experience primary or secondary resistance to treatment. Immune cells and anti-inflammatory factors are regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In addition, lncRNAs have a role in immune resistance through antigen presentation loss or attenuation, PD-L1 upregulation, loss of T-cell activities, and activation of G-MDSCs and Tregs in the tumor environment. LncRNAs can also influence the interaction between cancer stem cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, potentially resulting in cancer stem cell resistance to immunotherapy. Immunological-related lncRNAs can influence immune responses either directly by affecting neighboring protein-coding genes or indirectly by sponging miRNAs through various mechanisms. We have emphasized the role and levels of expression of lncRNAs that have been linked to immune cell formation, differentiation, and activation, which may have an influence on immunotherapy efficacy.
免疫疗法已被确立为治疗不同癌症类型的一种有前途的疗法。然而，许多患者对治疗产生原发性或继发性耐药。免疫细胞和抗炎因子受长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）的调节。此外，lncRNA 通过抗原呈递损失或减弱、PD-L1 上调、T 细胞活性丧失以及肿瘤微环境中 G-MDSCs 和 Tregs 的激活，在免疫抵抗中发挥作用。lncRNA 还可以影响肿瘤微环境中癌症干细胞与免疫细胞之间的相互作用，从而导致癌症干细胞对免疫疗法产生耐药性。免疫相关 lncRNA 可以通过直接影响邻近的蛋白编码基因或通过通过各种机制与 miRNAs 结合，从而间接影响免疫反应。我们强调了与免疫细胞形成、分化和激活相关的 lncRNA 的作用和表达水平，这些可能对免疫治疗的疗效有影响。
