MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
Public Health. 2022 Nov;212:46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.08.005. Epub 2022 Sep 6.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in behaviours, which may have different health effects in population subgroups. We investigated whether within-individual changes in health behaviours from before to during the pandemic differ by socio-economic deprivation, age or sex.
Prospective cohort study.
Participants were recruited from the existing UK Fenland cohort study with measurements of health behaviours twice prepandemic (2005 to February 2020) and three times during the pandemic (July 2020 to April 2021). Health behaviours included daily servings of fruit and vegetables, units of alcohol consumed per week, smoking status, sleep duration and total and domain-specific physical activity energy expenditure. Sociodemographic information (English indices of multiple deprivation, education, occupation and ethnicity) and COVID-19 antibody status were also collected. Participants were grouped into three categories based on their English indices of multiple deprivation score: most, middle and least deprived.
Participants were included if they had completed at least one measurement during the pandemic and one prepandemic (n = 3212). Fruit and vegetable consumption, total physical activity energy expenditure and smoking prevalence decreased during the pandemic compared with prepandemic, whereas average sleep duration increased and alcohol consumption did not change. Decreases in fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity energy expenditure were most pronounced in the most deprived group compared with the least deprived group and were greater in women than men.
Socio-economic inequalities in health behaviours have worsened during the pandemic. As the country emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, strategies to reduce health inequalities need to be put at the forefront of recovery plans.
COVID-19 大流行导致行为发生变化，这些变化可能对人群亚组产生不同的健康影响。我们调查了在大流行期间，个体内部健康行为的变化是否因社会经济贫困程度、年龄或性别而异。
前瞻性队列研究。
参与者来自现有的英国 Fenland 队列研究，在大流行前（2005 年至 2020 年 2 月）和大流行期间（2020 年 7 月至 2021 年 4 月）进行了两次健康行为测量。健康行为包括每天食用水果和蔬菜的份数、每周摄入的酒精单位、吸烟状况、睡眠时间以及总活动和特定领域活动的能量消耗。还收集了社会人口统计学信息（英国多重剥夺指数、教育、职业和种族）和 COVID-19 抗体状况。根据英国多重剥夺指数评分，将参与者分为三组：最贫困、中等贫困和最不贫困。
如果参与者在大流行期间至少完成了一次测量并在大流行前完成了一次测量（n=3212），则将其纳入研究。与大流行前相比，大流行期间水果和蔬菜的摄入量、总活动能量消耗和吸烟率下降，而平均睡眠时间增加，酒精摄入量没有变化。与最不贫困组相比，最贫困组的水果和蔬菜摄入量以及体力活动能量消耗下降幅度最大，女性比男性更为明显。
在大流行期间，健康行为方面的社会经济不平等加剧。随着国家从 COVID-19 大流行中复苏，减少健康不平等的战略需要成为复苏计划的首要任务。
