Wudneh Solomon Mekuria
Hawassa University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia.
Environ Health Insights. 2022 Oct 5;16:11786302221127266. doi: 10.1177/11786302221127266. eCollection 2022.
Trypanosomosis is an endemic livestock disease in Ethiopia. The problem prevails mainly in the South, Southwest, and Northwest regions following main rivers and their tributaries.
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Loma and Kindo Didaye districts near the Ghibe-III hydroelectric dam, to compare dam impact upstream and downstream, from January 2019 to June 2020. Two hundred standardized questionnaire surveys were administered. The questionnaire included biography, livestock population before and after dam construction, knowledge of major livestock diseases, clinical signs, transmission, seasonality, and wildlife population status was assessed. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney Test.
A total of 189 questionnaires were returned out of 200 questionnaires administered. Among the respondents, the majorities were males and had an average age of 39.4 + 10.6. In all herd size levels, there was no significant ( > .05) difference before dam construction between the 2 districts; whereas, statistically significant ( < .05) large and medium herd sizes increased by 16%(95% CI: 0.5, 31.5) after dam construction in Loma district; whereas, the same herd size reduced by 20%(95% CI:0,43.7) after dam construction with statistically significant( < .05) difference. Bovine trypanosomosis ranked first among major diseases. Knowledge of clinical signs, transmission, and seasonality of trypanosomosis was consistent with the literature. 87.8% of respondents in Loma associated reduction of trypanosomosis and tsetse population, but 77% of Kindo Didaye respondents perceived no change in prevalence after dam construction. More reduction in wildlife population was observed upstream than downstream, health services improved, and disease outbreaks and cattle deaths were reduced. Studies in African countries indicate the reduction in tsetse apparent density and absences of wildlife contributed to the reduction of trypanosomosis.
An increased herd size, reduced trypanosomosis prevalence, and wildlife population observed upstream, indicate artificial Lake has an impact on tsetse apparent density. Therefore, follow-up of the disease prevalence and investigation of drug resistance is recommended to prove the situation in the study area.
锥虫病是埃塞俄比亚的一种地方性家畜疾病。该问题主要在南部、西南部和西北部沿主要河流及其支流的地区普遍存在。
2019年1月至2020年6月，在吉贝三号水电站附近的洛马和金多迪代伊区进行了一项横断面问卷调查，以比较大坝上下游的影响。共发放了200份标准化问卷。问卷包括个人信息、大坝建设前后的牲畜数量、对主要家畜疾病的了解、临床症状、传播方式、季节性以及野生动物种群状况等内容，并对其进行评估。使用曼-惠特尼检验对数据进行分析。
在发放的200份问卷中，共收回189份。受访者中男性居多，平均年龄为39.4±10.6岁。在所有畜群规模水平上，两个区在大坝建设前没有显著（>0.05）差异；然而，在洛马区，大坝建设后大中型畜群规模在统计学上有显著（<0.05）增加，增幅为16%（95%置信区间：0.5，31.5）；而在金多迪代伊区，大坝建设后相同畜群规模减少了20%（95%置信区间：0，43.7），差异具有统计学意义（<0.05）。牛锥虫病在主要疾病中排名第一。关于锥虫病临床症状、传播方式和季节性的知识与文献一致。洛马区87.8%的受访者认为锥虫病和采采蝇数量减少有关，但金多迪代伊区77%的受访者认为大坝建设后发病率没有变化。上游野生动物种群数量的减少比下游更明显，卫生服务得到改善，疾病爆发和牛死亡数量减少。非洲国家的研究表明，采采蝇表观密度的降低和野生动物的消失有助于锥虫病的减少。
上游畜群规模增加、锥虫病患病率降低以及野生动物种群数量减少，表明人工湖对采采蝇表观密度有影响。因此，建议对疾病患病率进行跟踪并调查耐药性，以证实研究区域的情况。
