Grace Delia, Randolph Thomas, Affognon Hippolyte, Dramane Dao, Diall Omar, Clausen Peter-Henning
International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya.
Acta Trop. 2009 Aug;111(2):137-43. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.03.009. Epub 2009 Apr 1.
We carried out a knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) survey on how farmers (n=895) manage cattle trypanosomosis in Burkina Faso, Mali and Guinea. Most farmers (96%) recognised the common signs of trypanosomosis, 70% knew the role of tsetse flies in transmitting the disease and 96% had knowledge of drugs used for treatment. Farmers reported that trypanosomosis was the most important cattle disease and estimated that 25% of their herd fall sick each year and 18% of the sick animals die. Nearly all sick animals (90%) were treated with trypanocides and most treatments were administered by untrained farmers. Giving drugs was the strategy most used as primary means of protection (50% of farmers) followed by avoiding high risk areas (32% of farmers) and keeping trypanotolerant cattle (7% of farmers). Few farmers knew about communal tsetse control methods and those who did, rarely practiced them. Farmer diagnosis of trypanosomosis in cattle presented at clinics (n=113) was in most cases (84%) supported by laboratory tests. However, the signs that most farmers considered indicative of trypanosomosis (staring coat and emaciation) were poor predictors of trypanosomosis. We tested farmer knowledge of injection sites and trypanocide dilutions (n=423 cattle), and while few (15%) farmers gave under-dosages or over-dosage (2% of farmers), injection techniques were poor with injection-related side effects in 24% of cattle treated by farmers. Despite this, therapeutic outcomes were both objectively (clinical parameters) and subjectively (carer assessment) satisfactory in 89% of cattle treated by farmers. This study found that farmers play a major role in successfully managing trypanosomosis and recommends the recognition and support for community based treatment.
我们针对布基纳法索、马里和几内亚的农民（n = 895）如何管理牛锥虫病开展了一项知识、态度、实践（KAP）调查。大多数农民（96%）认识锥虫病的常见症状，70%知道采采蝇在传播该病中的作用，96%了解用于治疗的药物。农民报告称锥虫病是最重要的牛病，估计每年其畜群中有25%患病，患病动物中有18%死亡。几乎所有患病动物（90%）都接受了杀锥虫剂治疗，且大多数治疗由未经培训的农民进行。给药是最常用的主要保护手段（50%的农民），其次是避开高风险区域（32%的农民）和饲养耐锥虫牛（7%的农民）。很少有农民了解社区采采蝇控制方法，即便了解，也很少付诸实践。农民对诊所送来的牛（n = 113）进行的锥虫病诊断，在大多数情况下（84%）得到了实验室检测的支持。然而，大多数农民认为可指示锥虫病的症状（被毛粗乱和消瘦）并不能很好地预测锥虫病。我们测试了农民对注射部位和杀锥虫剂稀释度的知识（n = 423头牛），虽然很少有农民（15%）给药剂量不足或过量（2%的农民），但注射技术较差，24%接受农民治疗的牛出现了与注射相关的副作用。尽管如此，农民治疗的牛中，89%在客观（临床参数）和主观（护理人员评估）上治疗效果都令人满意。本研究发现，农民在成功管理锥虫病方面发挥着重要作用，并建议认可和支持基于社区的治疗。
