Debourdeau Eloi, Planells Gabriel, Chamard Chloe, Touboul David, Villain Max, Demoly Pascal, Babeau Fanny, Fournie Pierre, Daien Vincent
Department of Ophthalmology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier F-34000, France.
Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Universite Montpellier, INSERM, F-34091 Montpellier, France.
J Ophthalmol. 2022 Sep 28;2022:6605771. doi: 10.1155/2022/6605771. eCollection 2022.
To evaluate risk factors associated with keratoconus in a monocentric cross-sectional case-control study.
This observational study occurred from June 2019 to February 2021 in a university hospital (France). The case group consisted of 195 patients with keratoconus in at least one eye who were followed up by a corneal specialist. The control group consisted of 195 patients without any evidence of keratoconus on slit-lamp examination and corneal topography, who were matched 1 : 1 to controls by age and sex. Data were collected by a self-completed paper questionnaire before the consultation, and a multivariate logistic regression was performed.
Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations of keratoconus with family history (odds ratio [OR] = 22.2, < 0.001), rubbing eyes (OR = 10.9, < 0.001), allergy (any kind) (OR = 3.80, < 0.001), smoking exposure (OR = 2.08, =0.017), and dry eyes (OR = 1.77, =0.045f). The worst eye was associated with the more rubbed eye ( < 0.001) and the more pressed eye during the night according to sleeping position ( < 0.041).
This study confirmed the association between keratoconus and eye rubbing, family history, and allergy. It highlighted the role of pressure on the eyes during sleep. Other less known risk factors such as dry eyes and smoking exposure should be explored in future studies.
在一项单中心横断面病例对照研究中评估与圆锥角膜相关的危险因素。
这项观察性研究于2019年6月至2021年2月在一家大学医院（法国）进行。病例组由195例至少一只眼睛患有圆锥角膜且由角膜专科医生随访的患者组成。对照组由195例在裂隙灯检查和角膜地形图检查中无圆锥角膜证据的患者组成，这些患者按年龄和性别与病例组1:1匹配。在会诊前通过自行填写纸质问卷收集数据，并进行多因素逻辑回归分析。
多因素分析显示圆锥角膜与家族史（比值比[OR]=22.2，<0.001）、揉眼（OR=10.9，<0.001）、过敏（任何类型）（OR=3.80，<0.001）、吸烟暴露（OR=2.08，=0.017）和干眼（OR=1.77，=0.045f）显著相关。病情最严重的眼睛与揉眼次数更多的眼睛（<0.001）以及根据睡眠姿势在夜间按压次数更多的眼睛相关（<0.041）。
本研究证实了圆锥角膜与揉眼、家族史和过敏之间的关联。它突出了睡眠期间眼部受压的作用。其他鲜为人知的危险因素如干眼和吸烟暴露应在未来研究中进一步探索。
