Razak Norsyariza, Ali Bariah Mohd, Halim Wan Haslina Wan Abdul
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Optometry and Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Curr Ophthalmol. 2025 Jun 5;36(3):252-257. doi: 10.4103/joco.joco_75_24. eCollection 2024 Jul-Sep.
To evaluate the demography, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of keratoconus (KCN) patients attending a tertiary eye center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
This prospective cross-sectional study included KCN patients who visited Ophthalmology Clinic, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between January 2022 and October 2023. Their demographic details, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), clinical findings, refraction, and risk factors were recorded. Topographical data and KCN classification were obtained through Oculus Pentacam (Wetzlar, Germany).
Out of 71,862 cases, 78 KCN patients were identified, with the majority having bilateral KCN (75.6%). The patients were 27.90 ± 7.37 years old on average and were predominantly male (55.1%) and Malay (70.5%). The KCN severity also varied between patients (12.8% mild, 43.6% moderate, and 43.6% severe). No significant association was found between the patient's demographics and KCN severity ( > 0.05). The patients had a mean BCVA of 0.39 ± 0.48 and a mean spherical equivalent of -5.30 ± 4.45. Eye rubbing (85.9%) and atopy (80.77%) were identified as the most common risk factors for KCN, contrary to family history (12.8%). Meanwhile, Scissors Movement, Vogt Striae, and Munson's Sign were among the highest percentages of clinical findings presented. Furthermore, 68.7% of KCN cases also reported ocular allergies (papillae).
Patients' demographics were not a determinant of KCN severity. Eye rubbing and atopy were the most significant risk factors for KCN in Malaysia. Thus, KCN screening for patients with atopy and ocular allergies is vital for KCN prevention.
评估在马来西亚吉隆坡一家三级眼科中心就诊的圆锥角膜（KCN）患者的人口统计学特征、临床特征及危险因素。
这项前瞻性横断面研究纳入了2022年1月至2023年10月期间在马来西亚吉隆坡UKM Tunku Muhriz医院眼科诊所就诊的KCN患者。记录了他们的人口统计学细节、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、临床检查结果、验光情况及危险因素。通过德国韦茨拉尔的Oculus Pentacam获取地形图数据及KCN分类。
在71862例病例中，确诊78例KCN患者，大多数为双侧KCN（75.6%）。患者平均年龄为27.90±7.37岁，以男性（55.1%）和马来人（70.5%）为主。KCN严重程度在患者之间也有所不同（轻度12.8%，中度43.6%，重度43.6%）。未发现患者人口统计学特征与KCN严重程度之间存在显著关联（>0.05）。患者的平均BCVA为0.39±0.48，平均等效球镜为-5.30±4.45。揉眼（85.9%）和特应性（80.77%）被确定为KCN最常见的危险因素，与家族史（12.8%）相反。同时，剪刀运动、Vogt条纹和芒森征是出现比例最高的临床检查结果之一。此外，68.7%的KCN病例还报告有眼部过敏（乳头）。
患者的人口统计学特征不是KCN严重程度的决定因素。揉眼和特应性是马来西亚KCN最重要的危险因素。因此，对特应性和眼部过敏患者进行KCN筛查对预防KCN至关重要。
