Ezinne Ngozika Esther, Kwarteng Michael Agyemang, Mashige Khathutshelo Percy, Moodley Vanessa R
Optometry Unit, Department of Clinical Surgical Science, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Int Ophthalmol. 2025 Jan 29;45(1):44. doi: 10.1007/s10792-025-03414-8.
To determine the prevalence of keratoconus and its associated risk factors within the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago.
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Trinidad and Tobago, utilizing the Keratoconus Risk Assessment Questionnaire (KRIS) for data collection. Data were exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the variables, while logistic regression was used to identify associated risk factors, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
A total of 413 participants were included in the study, yielding a response rate of 97.4% (413/424). The prevalence of keratoconus (KC) was 1.5% (95% CI: 0.33 - 2.67%). The condition was more prevalent among females (98.5%), individuals aged 19-30 years (66.7%), and participants of mixed race (50%). Allergic or atopic diseases were identified as the most common established risk factor for KC, affecting 50.1% of all participants. Among those diagnosed with KC, eye rubbing emerged as the most common established risk factor. Family history of KC (95% CI: 1.841-48.352, p < 0.007) and the use of rigid contact lenses (95% CI: 8.696-286.051, p < 0.001) were statistically significant predictors of KC. Specifically, participants with a family history of KC were 49.8 times more likely to develop the condition (OR = 49.875), while those using rigid contact lenses were 9.4 times more likely (OR = 9.436).
The prevalence of KC in Trinidad and Tobago was found to be significant. Among the identified risk factors, atopy was the most common. Additionally, a positive family history and the use of rigid contact lenses were significant predictors of KC. Early screening for keratoconus in this country is strongly recommended to facilitate prompt detection and appropriate management of the condition.
确定特立尼达和多巴哥成年人群圆锥角膜的患病率及其相关危险因素。
在特立尼达和多巴哥的成年人中开展了一项基于人群的横断面研究，使用圆锥角膜风险评估问卷（KRIS）收集数据。数据被导出到社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）27版进行分析。采用描述性统计来总结变量，同时使用逻辑回归来识别相关危险因素，显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。
共有413名参与者纳入研究，应答率为97.4%（413/424）。圆锥角膜（KC）的患病率为1.5%（95%置信区间：0.33 - 2.67%）。该疾病在女性中更为普遍（98.5%），年龄在19至30岁的个体中更为普遍（66.7%），以及混血种族参与者中更为普遍（50%）。变应性或特应性疾病被确定为KC最常见的既定危险因素，影响了所有参与者的50.1%。在被诊断为KC的人群中，揉眼成为最常见的既定危险因素。KC家族史（95%置信区间：1.841 - 48.352，p < 0.007）和使用硬性隐形眼镜（95%置信区间：8.696 - 286.051，p < 0.001）是KC的统计学显著预测因素。具体而言，有KC家族史的参与者患该疾病的可能性高49.8倍（比值比=49.875），而使用硬性隐形眼镜的参与者患该疾病的可能性高9.4倍（比值比=9.436）。
发现特立尼达和多巴哥的KC患病率较高。在已确定的危险因素中，特应性是最常见的。此外，阳性家族史和使用硬性隐形眼镜是KC的显著预测因素。强烈建议在该国对圆锥角膜进行早期筛查，以便及时发现并妥善处理该疾病。
