Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Sciensano, Service of Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases, Brussels, Belgium.
Front Public Health. 2022 Sep 23;10:917456. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.917456. eCollection 2022.
The advertising of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages is a common feature in obesogenic food environments. Such advertising, within and around settings where children live, learn, and play, negatively affects their food acquisition and consumption. We examined the extent and nature of food and beverage advertising around primary and junior high schools in Ghana's most populous and urbanized region, Greater Accra.
Outdoor advertisements for foods and beverages within a 250 m road network distance of 200 randomly sampled schools were geocoded. For each food and beverage advertisement, information was collected on the setting, type, size, and number of product types featured in the advertisement. Promotional techniques (promotional characters and premium offers) used in advertisements were documented. Advertised foods and beverages were classified using the INFORMAS and NOVA food classification systems.
A total of 5,887 advertisements were identified around the schools surveyed, 42% of which were for foods and beverages. Advertisements were most prevalent at food outlets (78% of all food advertisements), but also along roads and on non-food structures. Overall, 70% of food advertisements featured non-core/unhealthy products, while 12 and 14% had core/healthy and miscellaneous (including soup cubes, seasonings, and tea) products. About 4% of food advertisements had only a product/brand name or logo displayed. One out of two of the foods and beverages advertised were ultra-processed foods, 30% processed, 3% processed culinary ingredients, and 17% unprocessed or minimally processed foods. Sugar-sweetened beverages were the most advertised food product type (32%). Promotional characters were found on 14% of all food advertisements (most-69% were cartoons or manufacturer's characters), while 8% of all food advertisements had premium offers (including price discounts and gift/collectables).
There is an abundance of unhealthy food advertisements around primary and junior high schools in the Greater Accra Region. Policy actions such as restricting the promotion of unhealthy foods in children's settings are needed to protect pupils from such advertising practices.
在致肥胖的食物环境中，高热量、低营养的食品和饮料的广告宣传是一种常见特征。这种广告宣传，无论是在儿童生活、学习和玩耍的场所内还是周围，都会对他们的食物获取和消费产生负面影响。我们调查了加纳人口最多和城市化程度最高的地区——大阿克拉地区，200 所随机抽样学校 250 米道路网络范围内的食品和饮料广告的范围和性质。
对 200 所随机抽样学校 250 米道路网络范围内的食品和饮料户外广告进行地理定位。对于每一个食品和饮料广告，我们收集了有关广告设置、类型、大小和特色产品类型的信息。记录了广告中使用的促销技巧（促销角色和赠品优惠）。使用 INFORMAS 和 NOVA 食品分类系统对广告中的食品和饮料进行分类。
共在调查学校周围发现了 5887 个广告，其中 42%是食品和饮料广告。广告最常见的地方是食品销售点（所有食品广告的 78%），但也有沿路和非食品结构的广告。总的来说，70%的食品广告宣传的是非核心/不健康产品，而 12%和 14%的广告宣传的是核心/健康和杂类（包括汤块、调味料和茶）产品。只有 4%的食品广告只展示了产品/品牌名称或标志。所宣传的食品和饮料中，有近一半（49%）是超加工食品，30%是加工食品，3%是加工烹饪原料，17%是未加工或轻度加工食品。含糖饮料是最受欢迎的食品广告宣传类型（32%）。在所有食品广告中，有 14%（大多数为 69%是卡通或制造商角色）出现了促销角色，而 8%（包括价格折扣和赠品/收藏品）的食品广告使用了赠品优惠。
在大阿克拉地区的小学和初中周围，有大量的不健康食品广告。需要采取政策行动，限制在儿童场所推广不健康食品，以保护学生免受此类广告宣传的影响。
