Chronic Diseases Management Unit, African Population Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Public Health Nutr. 2024 Oct 24;27(1):e240. doi: 10.1017/S1368980024002155.
To assess the availability and marketing of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in modern retail food outlets (supermarkets and minimarts) in Kenya and associated factors.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kenya from August 2021 to October 2021. Variables included the geographic location and the socio-economic status (SES) levels, the food items displayed for sale and advertised in the stores, and locations in the stores such as the entrance.
Three counties in Kenya (Nairobi - urban, Mombasa - coastal tourist and Baringo - rural). Each county was stratified into high and low SES using national poverty indices.
Food outlets that offered a self-service, had at least one checkout and had a minimum of two stocked aisles were assessed.
Of 115 outlets assessed, UPF occupied 33 % of the cumulative shelf space. UPF were the most advertised foods (60 %) and constituted 40 % of foods available for sale. The most commonly used promotional characters were cartoon characters (18 %). UPF were significantly more available for sale in Mombasa (urban) compared to Baringo (rural) (adjusted prevalence rate ratios (APRR): 1·13, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·26, = 0·005). UPF advertisements were significantly higher in Mombasa ((APRR): 2·18: 1·26, 3·79, = 0·005) compared to Baringo and Nairobi counties. There was a significantly higher rate of advertisement of UPF in larger outlets ((APRR): 1·68: 1·06, 2·67 = 0·001) compared to smaller outlets.
The high marketing and availability of UPF in modern retail outlets in Kenya calls for policies regulating unhealthy food advertisements in different settings in the country.
评估肯尼亚现代零售食品店（超市和便利店）中超加工食品（UPF）的供应和营销情况及其相关因素。
本横断面研究于 2021 年 8 月至 10 月在肯尼亚进行。变量包括地理位置和社会经济地位（SES）水平、商店中销售和广告宣传的食品以及商店的位置，如入口处。
肯尼亚的三个县（内罗毕-城市、蒙巴萨-沿海旅游和巴林戈-农村）。每个县根据国家贫困指数分为高 SES 和低 SES 两类。
评估提供自助服务、至少有一个结账处且至少有两个存货通道的食品店。
在评估的 115 个门店中，UPF 占据了累计货架空间的 33%。UPF 是最常做广告的食品（60%），也是可供销售的食品的 40%。最常用的促销人物是卡通人物（18%）。与巴林戈（农村）相比，蒙巴萨（城市）的 UPF 销售更为普遍（调整后的流行率比（APRR）：1.13，95%CI 1.00-1.26， = 0.005）。蒙巴萨的 UPF 广告明显高于巴林戈（APRR：2.18：1.26，3.79， = 0.005）和内罗毕县。大型门店的 UPF 广告率明显高于小型门店（APRR：1.68：1.06，2.67 = 0.001）。
肯尼亚现代零售食品店中超加工食品的高营销和高供应情况呼吁该国在不同环境下制定规范不健康食品广告的政策。
