Yan Chunping, Ding Qianqian, Wang Yifei, Wu Meng, Gao Tian, Liu Xintong
School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 23;13:935007. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935007. eCollection 2022.
Previous studies have found differences in the cognitive and neural mechanisms between cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression in the regulation of various negative emotions and the recognition of regulated stimuli. However, whether these differences are valid for sadness remains unclear. As such, we investigated the effect of cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression on sadness regulation and the recognition of sad scenes adopting event-related potentials (ERPs). Twenty-eight healthy undergraduate and graduate students took part in this study. In the regulation phase, the participants were asked to down-regulation, expressive suppression, or maintain their sad emotion evoked by the sad images, and then to perform an immediately unexpected recognition task involving the regulated images. The behavioral results show that down-regulation reappraisal significantly diminished subjective feelings of sadness, but expressive suppression did not; both strategies impaired the participants' recognition of sad images, and expressive suppression had a greater damaging effect on the recognition of sad images than down-regulation reappraisal. The ERP results indicate that reappraisal (from 300 ms to 1,500 ms after image onset) and expressive suppression (during 300-600 ms) significantly reduced the late positive potential (LPP) induced by sadness. These findings suggest that down-regulation reappraisal and expression suppression can effectively decrease sadness, and that down-regulation reappraisal (relative to expression suppression) is a more effective regulation strategy for sadness. Both strategies impair the recognition of sad scenes, and expression suppression (compared to down-regulation reappraisal) leads to relatively greater impairment in the recognition of sad scenes.
以往的研究发现，在调节各种负面情绪以及识别经过调节的刺激时，认知重评和表达抑制在认知和神经机制上存在差异。然而，这些差异对于悲伤情绪是否有效仍不明确。因此，我们采用事件相关电位（ERP）研究了认知重评和表达抑制对悲伤情绪调节及悲伤场景识别的影响。28名健康的本科生和研究生参与了本研究。在调节阶段，要求参与者对悲伤图像诱发的悲伤情绪进行下调、表达抑制或保持，然后对经过调节的图像进行一个即时的意外识别任务。行为结果表明，下调重评显著降低了悲伤的主观感受，但表达抑制没有；两种策略都损害了参与者对悲伤图像的识别，并且表达抑制对悲伤图像识别的损害作用比下调重评更大。ERP结果表明，重评（图像呈现后300毫秒至1500毫秒）和表达抑制（300 - 600毫秒期间）显著降低了悲伤诱发的晚期正电位（LPP）。这些发现表明，下调重评和表达抑制都能有效减轻悲伤，并且下调重评（相对于表达抑制）是一种更有效的悲伤调节策略。两种策略都会损害对悲伤场景的识别，并且表达抑制（与下调重评相比）会导致对悲伤场景识别的相对更大损害。
