Hanson R, Smith J A
Child Care Health Dev. 1987 May-Jun;13(3):181-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1987.tb00535.x.
Changes are described in the achievements of children aged 2-8 years on the Griffiths Scales of Mental Development (Extension) between 1960 when the extended scale was introduced and 1980. Satisfactory performance was achieved on the majority of test items at a considerably younger age than in 1960. Two hundred and seventeen children were tested between 1978 and 1982 and compared with 1397 children in the original '1960' sample. The mean general quotient of 111.7 for the total 1980 sample is significantly higher than the mean of 100.4 for the 1960 children. Although the numbers of '1980' children are relatively small, findings are in agreement with other recent studies which have found average quotients for normal children to be significantly higher than the original norms. Within the overall change in mean score, social class differences were significant. When subscales and different age groups were examined separately, hand-eye coordination and the latter half of the 2nd year were least changed. The importance for clinicians of the ceiling effect of the Griffiths scales is discussed. The present study suggests that for many normal children in their 5th and 6th years the test does not extend far enough for them to reach their true ceiling, making the test of limited use with a significant proportion of children past their 4th birthday.
本文描述了1960年（扩展量表引入之年）至1980年间，2至8岁儿童在格里菲斯心理发展量表（扩展版）上的成绩变化。在大多数测试项目中，儿童取得令人满意成绩的年龄比1960年要小得多。1978年至1982年间对217名儿童进行了测试，并与1960年原始样本中的1397名儿童进行了比较。1980年样本总体的平均智商为111.7，显著高于1960年儿童的平均智商100.4。尽管1980年儿童的数量相对较少，但研究结果与其他近期研究一致，这些研究发现正常儿童的平均智商显著高于最初的标准。在平均分的总体变化中，社会阶层差异显著。当分别检查分量表和不同年龄组时，手眼协调能力以及第二年下半年的变化最小。文中讨论了格里菲斯量表天花板效应对于临床医生的重要性。本研究表明，对于许多5、6岁的正常儿童来说，该测试的难度对他们而言不够大，无法达到其真正的上限，这使得该测试在很大比例的4岁以上儿童中用途有限。
