Flechsenhar Aleya, Kanske Philipp, Krach Sören, Korn Christoph, Bertsch Katja
Department Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2022 Dec;98:102204. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102204. Epub 2022 Sep 28.
Social interactions are dynamic, context-dependent, and reciprocal events that influence prospective strategies and require constant practice and adaptation. This complexity of social interactions creates several research challenges. We propose a new framework encouraging future research to investigate not only individual differences in capacities relevant for social functioning and their underlying mechanisms, but also the flexibility to adapt or update one's social abilities. We suggest three key capacities relevant for social functioning: (1) social perception, (2) sharing emotions or empathizing, and (3) mentalizing. We elaborate on how adaptations in these capacities may be investigated on behavioral and neural levels. Research on these flexible adaptations of one's social behavior is needed to specify how humans actually "learn to be social". Learning to adapt implies plasticity of the relevant brain networks involved in the underlying social processes, indicating that social abilities are malleable for different contexts. To quantify such measures, researchers need to find ways to investigate learning through dynamic changes in adaptable social paradigms and examine several factors influencing social functioning within the three aformentioned social key capacities. This framework furthers insight concerning individual differences, provides a holistic approach to social functioning, and may improve interventions for ameliorating social abilities in patients.
社交互动是动态的、依赖情境的且相互的事件，会影响前瞻性策略，并且需要持续的练习和适应。社交互动的这种复杂性带来了若干研究挑战。我们提出一个新框架，鼓励未来研究不仅要调查与社交功能相关的能力的个体差异及其潜在机制，还要研究适应或更新个人社交能力的灵活性。我们提出与社交功能相关的三个关键能力：（1）社会感知，（2）情绪分享或共情，以及（3）心理理论。我们详细阐述了如何在行为和神经层面研究这些能力的适应性。需要对个人社交行为的这些灵活适应性进行研究，以明确人类实际上是如何“学会社交”的。学习适应意味着参与潜在社交过程的相关脑网络具有可塑性，这表明社交能力在不同情境下是可塑造的。为了量化此类指标，研究人员需要找到通过适应性社交范式中的动态变化来研究学习的方法，并在上述三个社交关键能力范围内研究影响社交功能的若干因素。该框架进一步加深了对个体差异的理解，为社交功能提供了一种整体方法，并且可能改善对患者社交能力改善的干预措施。
