Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1384:185-204. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-06413-5_11.
Cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) is a technique that generates sleep spectrogram by calculating the cross-spectral power and coherence of heart rate variability and respiratory tidal volume fluctuations. There are several forms of CPC in the sleep spectrogram, which may provide information about normal sleep physiology and pathological sleep states. Since CPC can be calculated from any signal recording containing heart rate and respiration information, such as photoplethysmography (PPG) or blood pressure, it can be widely used in various applications, including wearables and non-contact devices. When derived from PPG, an automatic apnea-hypopnea index can be calculated from CPC-oximetry as PPG can be obtained from oximetry alone. CPC-based sleep profiling reveals the effects of stable and unstable sleep on sleep apnea, insomnia, cardiovascular regulation, and metabolic disorders. Here, we introduce, with examples, the current knowledge and understanding of the CPC technique, especially the physiological basis, analytical methods, and its clinical applications.
心搏量耦联（CPC）是一种通过计算心率变异性和呼吸潮气量波动的互功率谱和相干性来生成睡眠频谱图的技术。睡眠频谱图中有几种形式的 CPC，它可能提供有关正常睡眠生理和病理性睡眠状态的信息。由于 CPC 可以从包含心率和呼吸信息的任何信号记录中计算得出，例如光体积描记法（PPG）或血压，因此它可以广泛应用于各种应用中，包括可穿戴设备和非接触式设备。当从 PPG 衍生时，CPC-血氧仪可以自动计算出呼吸暂停-低通气指数，因为 PPG 可以单独从血氧仪获得。基于 CPC 的睡眠分析揭示了稳定和不稳定睡眠对睡眠呼吸暂停、失眠、心血管调节和代谢紊乱的影响。在这里，我们通过示例介绍 CPC 技术的当前知识和理解，特别是其生理基础、分析方法及其临床应用。
