Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
Epileptic Disord. 2022 Dec 1;24(6):994-1019. doi: 10.1684/epd.2022.1491.
This educational review article aims to provide information on the central nervous system (CNS) infectious and parasitic diseases that frequently cause seizures and acquired epilepsy in the developing world. We explain the difficulties in defining acute symptomatic seizures, which are common in patients with meningitis, viral encephalitis, malaria, and neurocysticercosis, most of which are associated with increased mortality and morbidity, including subsequent epilepsy. Geographic location determines the common causes of infectious and parasitic diseases in a particular region. Management issues encompass prompt treatment of acute symptomatic seizures and the underlying CNS infection, correction of associated predisposing factors, and decisions regarding the appropriate choice and duration of antiseizure therapy. Although healthcare provider education, to recognize and diagnose seizures and epilepsy related to these diseases, is a feasible objective to save lives, prevention of CNS infections and infestations is the only definitive way forward to reduce the burden of epilepsy in developing countries.
这篇教育综述文章旨在提供有关中枢神经系统（CNS）感染和寄生虫病的信息，这些疾病在发展中国家经常引起癫痫发作和获得性癫痫。我们解释了定义急性症状性癫痫发作的困难，这些发作在脑膜炎、病毒性脑炎、疟疾和脑囊虫病患者中很常见，其中大多数与死亡率和发病率增加有关，包括随后的癫痫。地理位置决定了特定地区感染和寄生虫病的常见原因。管理问题包括及时治疗急性症状性癫痫发作和潜在的中枢神经系统感染，纠正相关的诱发因素，以及关于抗癫痫治疗的适当选择和持续时间的决策。尽管医疗保健提供者教育，以识别和诊断与这些疾病相关的癫痫发作和癫痫，是一个可行的目标，以拯救生命，但预防中枢神经系统感染和寄生虫感染是减少发展中国家癫痫负担的唯一明确途径。
