Center of Excellence for Olive Research and Training, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal, Punjab Province 48800, Pakistan.
Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Plant Dis. 2023 May;107(5):1329-1342. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-22-2260-RE. Epub 2023 May 17.
Anthracnose of olive fruit caused by was a severe epidemic disease in Pakistan that occurred in September 2020. The estimated disease incident was recorded as 59%. Anthracnose causes a significant reduction in yield and quality traits. Anthracnose has been found in several orchards. Agricultural practices, environmental factors, and disease aggressiveness vary between orchards. Therefore, we looked at spore size, cultural traits, morphological variation, growth pattern, and pathogenicity of different strains of from various orchards. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the isolated strains as . In all, 15 isolates from olive orchards were tested for susceptibility to four commercial fungicides ( < 0.001). The examined isolates' in vitro fungicide sensitivity varied with fungicide concentration. The concentration at which conidial germination was hindered by 50% compared with the control values was observed for difenoconazole, tebuconazole, carbendazim, and cyprodinil, ranging from 0.12 to 2.69 g ml. Based on the findings of the fungal growth inhibition studies, carbendazim has been found to be the only fungicide that effectively reduces ( < 0.001) anthracnose caused by strains. Additionally, results revealed that preharvest site treatments of different fungicides greatly decreased anthracnose infections on olive fruit (70 to 90%), and postharvest site applications significantly reduced disease prevalence and severity (75 to 95%). The fungicide carbendazim significantly decreased pre- and postharvest anthracnose infection on olive cultivars. This study suggests that the latter compound might be used to control olive anthracnose in Pakistan while lowering environmental impact and fungicide resistance.
橄榄果实炭疽病由 引起，是 2020 年 9 月巴基斯坦发生的一种严重流行病。估计发病率为 59%。炭疽病导致产量和品质性状显著下降。在几个果园中发现了炭疽病。果园之间的农业措施、环境因素和病害严重度不同。因此，我们研究了来自不同果园的不同 菌株的孢子大小、培养特性、形态变异、生长模式和致病性。分子和系统发育分析证实了分离株为 。总共从橄榄园中测试了 15 个 菌株对四种商业杀真菌剂的敏感性（<0.001）。研究中，各分离株的体外杀真菌剂敏感性随杀真菌剂浓度而变化。与对照值相比，抑制 50%分生孢子萌发的浓度观察到对二氟菌唑、戊唑醇、多菌灵和嘧菌酯的浓度为 0.12-2.69 g/ml。根据抑菌活性研究的结果，发现多菌灵是唯一能有效降低（<0.001） 菌株引起的炭疽病的杀真菌剂。此外，结果表明，不同杀真菌剂的采前处理大大降低了橄榄果实炭疽病的感染（70-90%），而采后处理显著降低了病害的发生率和严重度（75-95%）。杀真菌剂多菌灵显著降低了橄榄品种的采前和采后炭疽病感染。本研究表明，后一种化合物可能用于控制巴基斯坦的橄榄炭疽病，同时降低环境影响和抗药性。
