Albeladi Fatma, Wahby Salem Iman, Zahrani Mohammed, Alarbedi Layal, Abukhudair Abdulrahman, Alnafei Huda, Alraiqi Abeer, Alyoubi Nourah
Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2022 Sep 4;14(9):e28770. doi: 10.7759/cureus.28770. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant cause of death and morbidity in people globally despite advances in treatment. Prevention of CAD risk factors is crucial to reducing its prevalence. We conducted this study to determine the incidence of CAD from 2019 to 2020 in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and its major risk factors among this population. Method This retrospective study involved all patients diagnosed with CAD at KAUH in 2019 and 2020. We analyzed validated hospital data to determine the incidence of CAD and identify the risk factors among participants. The incidence of CAD was calculated based on the total number of patients admitted to KAUH by gender, age group, and nationality (Saudi/non-Saudi). Result The study included 1,364 patients with a mean age of 49 years. Most patients were men (n=1,050; 77%), with fewer women (n=314; 23%), and 71.2% were non-Saudi. The incidence of CAD in 2019 was 220.98 per 10,000, and the incidence in 2020 was 3,030.52 per 10,000. However, the incidence for 2020 was confounded by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related restrictions affecting hospital admissions. The most common diagnosis was acute transmural myocardial infarction, and patients aged <60 years had a significantly high incidence of hypertension, high total cholesterol levels, low low-density lipoprotein levels, and high triglyceride levels. Patients ≥60 years had a significantly high incidence of chronic kidney disease, low hemoglobin levels, history of ischemic heart disease, and intensive care unit or critical care unit admission. Conclusion The study demonstrated a significant rise in CAD incidence associated with advanced age and male sex. Further prevention and control of these risk factors would be essential to decrease the incidence of CAD. A national community-based prevention effort should be implemented to avoid the expected CAD epidemic in KSA.
背景 尽管在治疗方面取得了进展，但冠状动脉疾病（CAD）仍然是全球范围内导致死亡和发病的重要原因。预防CAD危险因素对于降低其患病率至关重要。我们开展这项研究，以确定2019年至2020年沙特阿拉伯王国吉达阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学医院（KAUH）CAD的发病率及其在该人群中的主要危险因素。方法 这项回顾性研究纳入了2019年和2020年在KAUH被诊断为CAD的所有患者。我们分析了经过验证的医院数据，以确定CAD的发病率并确定参与者中的危险因素。CAD的发病率是根据KAUH按性别、年龄组和国籍（沙特/非沙特）收治的患者总数计算的。结果 该研究纳入了1364例患者，平均年龄为49岁。大多数患者为男性（n = 1050；77%），女性较少（n = 314；23%），71.2%为非沙特人。2019年CAD的发病率为每10000人220.98例，2020年的发病率为每10000人3030.52例。然而，2020年的发病率受到了2019冠状病毒病大流行相关限制影响医院收治情况的干扰。最常见的诊断是急性透壁性心肌梗死，年龄<60岁的患者高血压、总胆固醇水平高、低密度脂蛋白水平低和甘油三酯水平高的发病率显著较高。年龄≥60岁的患者慢性肾脏病、血红蛋白水平低、缺血性心脏病史以及入住重症监护病房或危重症监护病房的发病率显著较高。结论 该研究表明，CAD发病率随着年龄增长和男性性别显著上升。进一步预防和控制这些危险因素对于降低CAD发病率至关重要。应开展全国性的社区预防工作，以避免沙特阿拉伯预期的CAD流行。
