喀麦隆中心大区马肯尼省内区各分区曼氏血吸虫感染和感染强度的精细图谱绘制。
Fine-scale mapping of Schistosoma mansoni infections and infection intensities in sub-districts of Makenene in the Centre region of Cameroon.
机构信息
Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
Research Unit of Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
出版信息
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Oct 13;16(10):e0010852. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010852. eCollection 2022 Oct.
BACKGROUND
Schistosomiasis control relies mainly on mass drug administration of Praziquantel (PZQ) to school aged children (SAC). Although precision mapping has recently guided decision making, the sub-districts and the epidemiological differences existing between bio-ecological settings in which infected children come from were not taken into consideration. This study was designed to fill this gap by using POC-CCA and KK to comparatively determine the prevalence and infection intensities of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) and to perform fine-scale mapping of S. mansoni infections and its infection intensities with the overarching goal of identifying sub-districts presenting high transmission risk where control operations must be boosted to achieve schistosomiasis elimination.
METHODOLOGY
During a cross- sectional study conducted in Makenene, 1773 stool and 2253 urine samples were collected from SAC of ten primary schools. S. mansoni infections were identified using the point of care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) and Kato-Katz (KK) test respectively on urine and stool samples. Geographical coordinates of houses of infected SAC were recorded using a global position system device. Schistosome infections and infection intensities were map using QGIS software.
RESULTS
The prevalence of S. mansoni inferred from POC-CCA and KK were 51.3% and 7.3% respectively. Most infected SAC and those bearing heavy infections intensities were clustered in sub-districts of Baloua, Mock-sud and Carrière. Houses with heavily-infected SAC were close to risky biotopes.
CONCLUSION
This study confirms the low sensitivity of KK test compared to POC-CCA to accurately identify children with schistosome infection and bearing different schistosome burden. Fine-scale mapping of schistosome infections and infection intensities enabled to identify high transmission sub-districts where control measures must be boosted to reach schistosomiasis elimination.
背景
血吸虫病控制主要依靠对学龄儿童（SAC）进行大规模吡喹酮（PZQ）药物治疗。尽管最近的精准测绘指导了决策制定，但未考虑到来自不同生物-生态环境的受感染儿童的分区和流行病学差异。本研究旨在通过使用 POCCCA 和 KK 来比较确定曼氏血吸虫（S. mansoni）的流行率和感染强度，并对 S. mansoni 感染及其感染强度进行精细测绘，从而确定存在高传播风险的分区，必须加强控制措施以实现血吸虫病消除。
方法
在 Makenene 进行的横断面研究中，从十所小学的 SAC 中采集了 1773 份粪便和 2253 份尿液样本。分别使用即时循环抗原检测（POCCCA）和加藤厚涂片法（KK）检测尿液和粪便样本中的 S. mansoni 感染。使用全球定位系统设备记录受感染 SAC 房屋的地理坐标。使用 QGIS 软件绘制血吸虫感染和感染强度图。
结果
从 POCCCA 和 KK 推断的 S. mansoni 流行率分别为 51.3%和 7.3%。大多数感染的 SAC 和那些感染强度较高的 SAC 聚集在 Baloua、Mock-sud 和 Carrière 分区。感染严重的 SAC 房屋靠近危险的生物区。
结论
本研究证实了 KK 试验与 POCCCA 相比，其敏感性较低，无法准确识别有血吸虫感染和不同血吸虫负担的儿童。血吸虫感染和感染强度的精细测绘使我们能够确定需要加强控制措施以达到血吸虫病消除的高传播分区。
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