影响中国癌症患者死亡焦虑的因素：一项横断面研究。
Factors influencing death anxiety among Chinese patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
Department of Nursing, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2022 Oct 13;12(10):e064104. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064104.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate death anxiety status among Chinese patients with cancer and identify factors that affect death anxiety.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 286 inpatients diagnosed with cancer were randomly recruited from a tertiary cancer centre and completed the questionnaires between January and June 2021.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the status of death anxiety. The secondary outcomes were the factors that affect death anxiety among Chinese patients with cancer.
METHODS
A total of 286 Chinese patients with cancer were recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital to complete the demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-second edition, and Meaning in Life Questionnaire from January to June 2021. Data were analysed using ttest, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.
RESULTS
On average, patients with cancer scored 7.72±4.17 for death anxiety, 25.71±9.69 for experiential avoidance and 45.19±8.22 for meaning in life. Ultimately, the statistically significant factors influencing death anxiety were education levels, insurance, pain scores, experiential avoidance and meaning in life. These factors explained 40.6% of the difference in death anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with cancer in China experienced a high level of death anxiety. This study showed that experiential avoidance and meaning in life were important factors that affected death anxiety in patients with cancer. Further studies should be conducted to explore effective interventions to prevent experiential avoidance and increase meaning in life for patients with cancer. Attention should be paid to patients without insurance but with lower education levels and higher pain scores to ultimately relieve death anxiety and improve their quality of life.
目的
本研究旨在调查中国癌症患者的死亡焦虑状况，并确定影响死亡焦虑的因素。
设计
横断面研究。
地点
中国湖南省长沙市。
参与者
本研究共纳入 286 名在一家三级肿瘤中心确诊为癌症的住院患者，他们于 2021 年 1 月至 6 月期间完成了问卷调查。
主要和次要结局指标
主要结局指标为死亡焦虑状况。次要结局指标为影响中国癌症患者死亡焦虑的因素。
方法
本研究共纳入 286 名来自一家三级肿瘤医院的癌症患者，他们完成了人口统计学和临床特征问卷、Templer 死亡焦虑量表、接受与行动问卷第二版和生活意义问卷。数据采用 t 检验、方差分析、Kruskal-Wallis H 检验、Pearson 相关分析和多元线性回归分析进行分析。
结果
癌症患者的死亡焦虑平均得分为 7.72±4.17，体验回避平均得分为 25.71±9.69，生活意义平均得分为 45.19±8.22。最终，影响死亡焦虑的统计学显著因素包括教育程度、保险状况、疼痛评分、体验回避和生活意义。这些因素解释了死亡焦虑差异的 40.6%。
结论
中国癌症患者经历着较高水平的死亡焦虑。本研究表明，体验回避和生活意义是影响癌症患者死亡焦虑的重要因素。应进一步开展研究，探索有效干预措施，预防体验回避并增加癌症患者的生活意义。应关注那些没有保险但教育程度较低、疼痛评分较高的患者，以最终缓解他们的死亡焦虑并提高他们的生活质量。
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