Interdisciplinary Health Unit, School of Health Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), Kubang Kerian 11800, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Saudi Ministry of Health, Najran 11134, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 21;19(19):11931. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191911931.
One of the public health issues faced worldwide is antibiotic resistance (AR). During the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, AR has increased. Since some studies have stated AR has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and others have stated otherwise, this study aimed to explore this impact. Seven databases-PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL-were searched using related keywords to identify studies relevant to AR during COVID-19 published from December 2019 to May 2022, according to PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-three studies were included in this review, and the evidence showed that AR has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most commonly reported resistant Gram-negative bacteria was , followed by , , and . and were highly resistant to tested antibiotics compared with and . Moreover, showed high resistance to colistin. Commonly reported Gram-positive bacteria were and . The resistance of to ampicillin, erythromycin, and Ciprofloxacin was high. Self-antibiotic medication, empirical antibiotic administration, and antibiotics prescribed by general practitioners were the risk factors of high levels of AR during COVID-19. Antibiotics' prescription should be strictly implemented, relying on the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) and guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) or Ministry of Health (MOH).
全球面临的公共卫生问题之一是抗生素耐药性 (AR)。在新型冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 大流行期间，AR 有所增加。由于一些研究表明 AR 在 COVID-19 大流行期间有所增加，而另一些研究则表明并非如此，因此本研究旨在探讨这一影响。根据 PRISMA 指南，使用相关关键词在七个数据库（PubMed、MEDLINE、EMBASE、Scopus、Cochrane、Web of Science 和 CINAHL）中搜索与 COVID-19 期间 AR 相关的研究。本综述纳入了 23 项研究，证据表明 AR 在 COVID-19 大流行期间有所增加。报告最多的耐药革兰氏阴性菌是 ，其次是 ， 和 。与 和 相比， 和 对测试抗生素具有高度耐药性。此外， 对粘菌素表现出高耐药性。报告最多的革兰氏阳性菌是 和 。 对氨苄西林、红霉素和环丙沙星的耐药性较高。自我使用抗生素、经验性使用抗生素和全科医生开具的抗生素是 COVID-19 期间 AR 水平升高的危险因素。抗生素的处方应严格执行，依靠抗菌药物管理计划 (ASP) 和世界卫生组织 (WHO) 或卫生部 (MOH) 的指南。
