Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society-DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia.
Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences-GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 5;19(19):12710. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912710.
Weight resistance training (RT) is an essential component of physical conditioning programs to improve the quality of life and physical fitness in different ages and populations. This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between exercise selection and the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in physical fitness centers (PFC). The PubMed or Medline, EMBASE or Science Direct, Google Scholar and PEDro databases were selected to examine the available literature using a Boolean algorithm with search terms. The review process was performed using the five-stage approach for an integrative review and it was reported according to the PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science (PERSiST) guidelines. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles (Price index = 71.7%) met the inclusion criteria and evaluated the link between exercise selection and the incidence of injuries in exercisers who regularly attend PFC. Most injuries occur to the shoulders, elbows, vertebrae of the spine, and knees. Although the injury etiologies are multifactorial, the findings of the reviewed articles include the impacts of overuse, short post-exercise recovery periods, poor conditioning in the exercised body areas, frequent use of heavy loads, improper technique in certain exercises, and the abuse of performance- and image-enhancing drugs. Practical recommendations addressed to clinical exercise physiologists, exercise professionals, and health professionals are given in this paper. The exercise selection in RT programs requires professional supervision and adhering to proper lifting techniques and training habits that consider the anatomical and biomechanical patterns of the musculoskeletal structures, as well as genetic, pedagogical, and methodological aspects directly related to the stimulus-response process to mitigate the occurrence of RT-related injuries in PFC.
抗阻训练（RT）是改善不同年龄段和人群生活质量和身体素质的体能训练计划的重要组成部分。本综述旨在分析有关运动选择与健身中心（PFC）中肌肉骨骼损伤出现之间关系的科学证据。使用布尔算法和搜索词选择 PubMed 或 Medline、EMBASE 或 Science Direct、Google Scholar 和 PEDro 数据库来检查现有文献。审查过程使用了综合审查的五阶段方法，并按照运动、康复、运动医学和运动科学（PERSiST）指南中的 PRISMA 进行报告。共有 39 篇同行评审文章（价格指数=71.7%）符合纳入标准，并评估了定期参加 PFC 的锻炼者中运动选择与受伤发生率之间的联系。大多数损伤发生在肩部、肘部、脊柱的脊椎和膝盖。尽管损伤的病因是多因素的，但综述文章的研究结果包括过度使用、短的运动后恢复期、锻炼部位的身体状况不佳、频繁使用大负荷、某些运动中不正确的技术以及对性能和形象增强药物的滥用的影响。本文为临床运动生理学家、运动专业人员和健康专业人员提供了实用建议。RT 计划中的运动选择需要专业监督，并遵守适当的举重技术和训练习惯，这些习惯考虑到肌肉骨骼结构的解剖学和生物力学模式，以及与刺激-反应过程直接相关的遗传、教学和方法学方面，以减轻 PFC 中 RT 相关损伤的发生。
