Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Physics, 6, Joliot Curie Str., 141980 Dubna, Russia.
National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313, Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 8;19(19):12879. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912879.
To determine the nature and origin of the unconsolidated bottom sediments, as well as to demonstrate and quantify the presence of Presumably Contaminating Elements (PCE) in the Serbian Danube River, as a novelty, the mass fractions on nine major elements as oxides-SiO, TiO, AlO, FeO, MnO, MgO, CaO, NaO, and KO, as well as Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Hf, Ta, W, Th, and U were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in 13 sediment samples collected between Belgrade and Iron Gate 2 dam. INAA was chosen for its ability to perform elemental analysis without any preliminary sample treatment that could introduce systematic errors. The distribution of major elements was relatively uniform, with the sampling locations having less influence. Concerning the trace elements, excepting the PCE Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Sb, their distributions presented the same remarkable similarity to the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), North American Shale Composite (NASC), Average Bottom Load (ABL), and Average Dobrogea Loess (AVL), and were in good concordance with the location of the Serbian Danube River in the Pannonian Plain. In the case of considered PCE, both Enrichment Factor and Pollution Load Index showed values higher than the pollution threshold, which pointed towards a significant anthropogenic contamination, and rising concern to what extent the water quality and biota could be affected.
为了确定未固结底沉积物的性质和来源，并展示和量化塞尔维亚多瑙河存在的 Presumably Contaminating Elements（PCE），我们采用了一种新颖的方法，使用仪器中子活化分析（INAA）对 13 个沉积物样本中的 9 种主要元素（氧化物-SiO、TiO、AlO、FeO、MnO、MgO、CaO、NaO 和 KO，以及 Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Rb、Sr、Zr、Sb、Cs、Ba、La、Hf、Ta、W、Th 和 U）的质量分数进行了测定。之所以选择 INAA，是因为它能够在不进行任何可能引入系统误差的样品预处理的情况下进行元素分析。主要元素的分布相对均匀，采样地点的影响较小。对于微量元素，除了 PCE Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As 和 Sb 外，它们的分布与上地壳（UCC）、北美页岩组合（NASC）、平均底部负荷（ABL）和平均多布罗加黄土（AVL）具有显著的相似性，并且与塞尔维亚多瑙河在潘诺尼亚平原的位置非常吻合。对于所考虑的 PCE，富集因子和污染负荷指数的值均高于污染阈值，这表明存在着严重的人为污染，人们越来越关注水质和生物区系可能受到的影响程度。
