Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 6;23(19):11854. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911854.
Many plants naturally synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites that exert an allelopathic effect, offering compelling alternatives to chemical herbicides. These natural herbicides are highly important for sustainable agricultural practices. Ailanthone is the chemical responsible for the herbicidal effect of , or "tree of heaven". The molecular studies involving ailanthone's effect on plant growth are limited. In the current study, we combined whole-transcriptome and physiology analysis of three ecotypes treated with ailanthone to identify the effect of this allelopathic chemical on genes and plant growth. Our physiology results showed 50% reduced root growth, high proline accumulation, and high reactive-oxygen-species accumulation in response to ailanthone stress. Deep transcriptome analysis revealed 528, 473, and 482 statistically significant differentially expressed genes for Col-0, Cvi-0, and U112-3 under ailanthone stress, including 131 genes shared among the three accessions. The common genes included 82 upregulated and 42 downregulated genes and varied in expression at least twofold. The study also revealed that 34 of the 131 genes had a similar expression pattern when Arabidopsis seedlings were subjected to other herbicides. Differentially expressed genes significantly induced in response to ailanthone included , , , , , and . Pathways of stress, development and hormone metabolism were significantly altered under ailanthone stress. These results suggest that ailanthone triggers a significant stress response in multiple pathways similar to other herbicides.
许多植物天然合成并分泌具有化感作用的次生代谢物，为化学除草剂提供了极具吸引力的替代品。这些天然除草剂对可持续农业实践非常重要。臭椿酮是导致“臭椿”具有除草作用的化学物质。涉及臭椿酮对植物生长影响的分子研究有限。在本研究中，我们结合了三种生态型的全转录组和生理学分析，这些生态型用臭椿酮处理，以确定这种化感化学物质对基因和植物生长的影响。我们的生理学结果表明，臭椿酮胁迫下，根生长减少 50%，脯氨酸积累增加，活性氧积累增加。深度转录组分析显示，Col-0、Cvi-0 和 U112-3 在臭椿酮胁迫下分别有 528、473 和 482 个统计上显著差异表达的基因，其中 131 个基因在三个品系中共有。共有基因包括 82 个上调和 42 个下调基因，表达至少相差两倍。该研究还表明，拟南芥幼苗受到其他除草剂处理时，其中 34 个 131 个基因具有相似的表达模式。对臭椿酮响应显著诱导的差异表达基因包括、、、、和。胁迫、发育和激素代谢途径在臭椿酮胁迫下显著改变。这些结果表明，臭椿酮在多个与其他除草剂相似的途径中引发了显著的应激反应。
