Sarrafian S K
Foot Ankle. 1987 Aug;8(1):4-18. doi: 10.1177/107110078700800103.
Structurally the foot is equivalent to a twisted plate. The hindpart is located in the sagittal plane and the forepart in the transverse plane. The transition induced by the twist creates the transverse and the longitudinal arches. Under vertical loading of the foot plate by the tibiotalar column, compressive forces are created on the dorsum and tensile forces on the plantar aspect of the foot plate. The plantar aponeurosis acting as a tie-rod when under tension relieves the tensile forces from the plantar aspect of the foot plate. The increased tension in the plantar aponeurosis in the weightbearing position of the foot occurs with anterior flexion of the leg or with hyperextension of the toes. In the plantigrade position when vertical loading and external rotation are simultaneously applied by the tibiotalar column on the foot, the hindfoot and the midfoot are supinated, and the forefoot is pronated. The medial longitudinal arch is higher, the foot is shorter, and the plantar aponeurosis is relaxed. The foot is then more flexible. With vertical loading and simultaneous internal rotation, the hindfoot and the midfoot are pronated, and the forefoot is supinated. The medial longitudinal arch is lower, the foot is longer, and the plantar aponeurosis is tense. The foot is then more rigid and a better lever arm. Demonstrations are presented both in living and in anatomic dissections.
从结构上看，足部相当于一块扭曲的板。后部位于矢状面，前部位于横断面。扭曲所引起的转变形成了横弓和纵弓。在胫距柱对足板施加垂直负荷时，足板背侧产生压缩力，足底产生拉力。足底腱膜在受拉时充当拉杆，减轻了足板足底侧的拉力。在足部负重位置，当腿部向前屈曲或脚趾过度伸展时，足底腱膜的张力会增加。在足跟着地姿势下，当胫距柱同时对足部施加垂直负荷和外旋时，后足和中足内翻，前足外翻。内侧纵弓较高，足部较短，足底腱膜松弛。此时足部更灵活。当施加垂直负荷并同时进行内旋时，后足和中足外翻，前足内翻。内侧纵弓较低，足部较长，足底腱膜紧张。此时足部更僵硬，是一个更好的杠杆臂。在活体和解剖标本上都进行了演示。
