Entomology Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, India.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
Molecules. 2022 Sep 22;27(19):6239. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196239.
L. is one of the world's major pests of cruciferous crops. The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has led to insecticide resistance and resurgence, and has been harmful to non-target organisms and the environment. Botanical insecticides are the best alternatives to synthetic pesticides for the management of pests in organic agriculture and integrated management. is an invasive species and has good potential as an insecticide due to the availability of plant material in some parts of India. The antifeedant activities of have not been reported against and other lepidopteron insects to date. Therefore, the current study targeted the characterization of leaf and bark extracts, feeding deterrence, synergistic and detoxification enzyme activities of leaf/bark ethanolic extracts/fractions, seed oil, and isolated compounds. UHPLC-QTOF-IMS analysis showed that shikimic acid, xanthoxylin, quercetin, kaempferol, methyl gallate, and stigmasterol are common metabolites identified in leaf and bark extracts. The combination of seed oil with bark extract showed higher deterrence (DC = 317.10 mg/L) as compared to leaf/bark extracts alone. Gallic acid showed higher deterrence (67.48%) than kaempferol and quercetin. The -butanol fraction of bark was more repellent (RC = 414.61 mg/L). Based on DC, the seed oil with leaf extract (1:1 ratio) alone with choice and seed oil with leaf and bark extract without choice showed synergistic interaction, but seed oil with bark extract with choice showed additive interaction. The ethanol extract of leaf, bark, and seed oil inhibited GST and AChE in The leaf extract and seed oil or their combinations may be recommended as antifeedants to reduce damage by based on persistence, antifeedant, phytotoxicity, safety to predators/parasitoids, etc., under field conditions.
L. 是十字花科作物的世界性主要害虫之一。合成杀虫剂的无差别使用导致了抗药性和害虫卷土重来，同时对非目标生物和环境造成了危害。植物性杀虫剂是有机农业和综合管理中管理害虫的合成农药的最佳替代品。 是一种入侵物种，由于在印度的一些地区有植物材料的供应，因此作为杀虫剂具有很好的潜力。到目前为止，还没有关于 的拒食活性针对 和其他鳞翅目昆虫的报道。因此，目前的研究针对叶和树皮提取物的特征描述、摄食抑制、叶/树皮乙醇提取物/馏分、种子油和分离化合物的协同和解毒酶活性进行了研究。UHPLC-QTOF-IMS 分析表明，莽草酸、丁香黄素、槲皮素、山奈酚、没食子酸甲酯和豆甾醇是在叶和树皮提取物中鉴定出的常见代谢物。与单独的叶/树皮提取物相比，种子油与树皮提取物的组合表现出更高的拒食性（DC = 317.10mg/L）。没食子酸显示出比山奈酚和槲皮素更高的拒食性（67.48%）。树皮的 -丁醇馏分更具驱避性（RC = 414.61mg/L）。根据 DC 值，单独使用叶提取物（1:1 比例）与种子油的混合物以及无选择的叶和树皮提取物与种子油的混合物表现出协同作用，但有选择的树皮提取物与种子油的混合物表现出相加作用。叶、树皮和种子油的乙醇提取物抑制了 GST 和 AChE 在 中的活性。根据持久性、拒食性、植物毒性、对捕食者/寄生蜂的安全性等因素，在田间条件下，叶提取物、种子油或其组合可作为拒食剂推荐使用，以减少 造成的损害。
