Kera Denisa Reshef, Kalvas František
Centre for Distributed Ledger Technologies, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
University of West Bohemia in Pilsen: Zapadoceska Univerzita V Plzni, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
Digit Soc. 2022;1(2):8. doi: 10.1007/s44206-022-00002-6. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
The exploratory sandbox for blockchain services, Lithopy, provided an experimental alternative to the aspirational frameworks and guidelines regulating algorithmic services ex post or ex ante. To understand the possibilities and limits of this experimental approach, we compared the regulatory expectations in the sandbox with the real-life decisions about an "actual" intrusive service: contact tracing application. We gathered feedback on hypothetical and real intrusive services from a group of 59 participants before and during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic (January, June 2020, and April 2021). Participants expressed support for interventions based on an independent rather than government oversight that increases participation and representation. Instead of reducing the regulations to code or insisting on strong regulations over the code, participants demanded hybrid combinations of code and regulations. We discuss this as a demand for "no algorithmization without representation." The intrusive services act as new algorithmic "territories," where the "data" settlers must redefine their sovereignty and agency on new grounds. They refuse to rely upon the existing institutions and promises of governance by design and seek tools that enable engagement in the full cycle of the design, implementation, and evaluation of the services. The sandboxes provide an environment that bridges the democratic deficit in the design of algorithmic services and their regulations.
区块链服务的探索性沙盒Lithopy，为事后或事前规范算法服务的理想框架和准则提供了一种实验性替代方案。为了解这种实验方法的可能性和局限性，我们将沙盒中的监管期望与关于一项 “实际” 侵入性服务（接触者追踪应用程序）的现实决策进行了比较。在捷克共和国新冠疫情第一波和第二波期间（2020年1月、6月以及2021年4月），我们在59名参与者中收集了关于假设的和实际的侵入性服务的反馈。参与者表示支持基于独立监督而非政府监督的干预措施，这种监督能够提高参与度和代表性。参与者们没有要求将监管简化为代码，也没有坚持对代码进行严格监管，而是要求代码与监管的混合组合。我们将此称为 “无代表则无算法化” 的需求。侵入性服务充当了新的算法 “领地”，“数据” 定居者必须在新的基础上重新定义他们的主权和代理权。他们拒绝依赖现有的机构以及设计好的治理承诺，而是寻求能够让他们参与服务设计、实施和评估全过程的工具。沙盒提供了一个弥合算法服务设计及其监管中民主缺陷的环境。
