Marocco Silvia, Talamo Alessandra
Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 27;13:997062. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.997062. eCollection 2022.
Making investment decisions is usually considered a challenging task for investors because it is a process based on risky, complex, and consequential choices (Shanmuganathan, 2020). When it comes to Investments in human capital (IHC), such as startups fundings, the aspect of decision-making (DM) becomes even more critical since the outcome of the DM process is not completely predictable. Indeed, it has to take into consideration the will, goals, and motivations of each human actor involved: those who invest as well as those who seek investments. We define this specific DM process as multi-actor DM (MADM) since not a group is making decisions but different actors, or groups of different actors, who - starting from non-coinciding objectives - need to reach a mutual agreement and converge toward a common goal for the success of the investment. This review aims to give insights on psychological contributions to the study of complex DM processes that deal with IHC to provide scholars and practitioners with a theoretical framework and a tool for describing the complex socio-ecological systems involved in the DM processes. For this purpose, we discuss in the paper how the third generation of activity theory (Leont'ev, 1974, 1978;Engeström, 1987, 2001) could be used as an appropriate model to explain the specificities of MADM construct, focusing on the particular case of startup funding. Design thinking techniques will be proposed as a methodology to create a bridge between different activity systems.
对投资者而言，做出投资决策通常被视为一项具有挑战性的任务，因为这是一个基于风险、复杂且具有重要影响的选择过程（Shanmuganathan，2020）。当涉及到对人力资本的投资（IHC），比如初创企业融资时，决策（DM）方面变得更加关键，因为决策过程的结果并非完全可预测。实际上，它必须考虑到每个参与的行为主体的意愿、目标和动机：那些进行投资的主体以及那些寻求投资的主体。我们将这个特定的决策过程定义为多主体决策（MADM），因为并非一个群体在做决策，而是不同的行为主体，或不同行为主体群体，他们从不一致的目标出发，需要达成相互协议并朝着投资成功的共同目标汇聚。本综述旨在深入探讨心理学对研究涉及人力资本投资的复杂决策过程的贡献，为学者和从业者提供一个理论框架以及一种描述决策过程中所涉及的复杂社会生态系统的工具。为此，我们在本文中讨论如何将第三代活动理论（列昂捷夫，1974年，1978年；恩格斯托姆，1987年，2001年）用作解释多主体决策结构特殊性的合适模型，重点关注初创企业融资的具体案例。将提出设计思维技术作为在不同活动系统之间搭建桥梁的一种方法。
