Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2023 Feb;24(1):63-73. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00761-3. Epub 2022 Oct 14.
Estimate the incidence of teething symptoms and investigate risk factors at three centers in different regions of Brazil.
A prospective cohort study enrolled children at birth in the cities of Manaus (northern region), Porto Alegre (southern region) and Salvador (northeast region). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected at baseline and 6 months. At 12 months, data were collected on the child's health through structured interviews and dental examinations, including the primary outcome: occurrence of signs and symptoms of tooth eruption reported by parents. Statistical analysis involved Poisson regression with robust variance, with calculation of relative risks (RR).
The incidence of teething symptoms was 82.4% (238/289). The multivariate analysis revealed a higher occurrence of the outcome in the city of Salvador (RR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.23-1.58), when mother's education was more than 11 years (RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.65), when a larger number of individuals resided in the home (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.02-1.29), when a smoker resided in the home (RR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.03-1.31) and when the child presented flu or cold in the first year of life (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.09-1.38). The most reported symptoms were fever (50.5%), irritability (42.6%), itching (40.8%) and diarrhea (35.3%). Most parents (82%) took some action to alleviate symptoms, including unprescribed systemic medication, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheic agents.
Reports of teething symptoms were associated with the city investigated, socioeconomic factors of the families and characteristics of the child's health. A high rate of administering unprescribed medication was also found.
在巴西三个不同地区的三个中心估计出牙症状的发生率，并调查危险因素。
一项前瞻性队列研究招募了在马瑙斯（北部地区）、阿雷格里港（南部地区）和萨尔瓦多（东北部地区）出生的婴儿。在基线和 6 个月时收集社会人口统计学和人体测量学变量。在 12 个月时，通过结构化访谈和牙科检查收集有关儿童健康的数据，包括主要结局：父母报告的牙齿萌出的体征和症状的发生。统计分析涉及具有稳健方差的泊松回归，计算相对风险（RR）。
出牙症状的发生率为 82.4%（238/289）。多变量分析显示，萨尔瓦多市该结局的发生更高（RR=1.39；95%CI 1.23-1.58），当母亲的教育程度超过 11 年时（RR=1.31；95%CI 1.04-1.65），当家中居住的人数较多时（RR=1.15；95%CI 1.02-1.29），当家中有吸烟者时（RR=1.16；95%CI 1.03-1.31），当孩子在生命的第一年出现流感或感冒时（RR=1.23；95%CI 1.09-1.38）。报告的最常见症状是发烧（50.5%）、烦躁（42.6%）、瘙痒（40.8%）和腹泻（35.3%）。大多数父母（82%）采取了一些措施来缓解症状，包括未经处方的全身药物，如镇痛药、抗炎药和止泻药。
出牙症状的报告与所调查的城市、家庭的社会经济因素以及儿童健康特征有关。还发现未经处方用药的比率很高。
