Schacter D L
Hum Neurobiol. 1987;6(2):107-18.
Organic amnesia is a selective impairment of memory that occurs as a consequence of various types of brain damage. Although amnesic patients typically have severe difficulties remembering recent events and acquiring new information, it has been demonstrated that some of their learning abilities are spared. Amnesic patients can retain and express some aspects of a learning experience, despite their inability to recollect the experience in a conscious or explicit manner. This phenomenon is referred to as an implicit expression of memory. The present article considers whether amnesic patients show implicit memory for new facts and associations. Three relevant kinds of evidence are considered: source amnesia, priming effects, and learning of computer vocabulary and commands. It is concluded that (a) amnesic patients do show some implicit memory for new facts and associations, and (b) this type of memory is not entirely spared. Implications for multiple memory system views of amnesia are discussed.
器质性遗忘症是一种因各种类型脑损伤而导致的选择性记忆障碍。尽管遗忘症患者通常在记忆近期事件和获取新信息方面存在严重困难，但已证明他们的某些学习能力得以保留。遗忘症患者能够保留并表达学习经历的某些方面，尽管他们无法有意识地或明确地回忆起该经历。这种现象被称为记忆的隐性表达。本文探讨遗忘症患者是否对新事实和关联表现出隐性记忆。考虑了三种相关证据：来源遗忘、启动效应以及计算机词汇和命令的学习。得出的结论是：（a）遗忘症患者确实对新事实和关联表现出一些隐性记忆，并且（b）这种类型的记忆并非完全不受影响。还讨论了对遗忘症多重记忆系统观点的影响。
