Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem; The Observation and Research Field Station of Taihang Mountain Forest Ecosystems of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, China.
Department of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Nov;246:114136. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114136. Epub 2022 Oct 12.
Copper (Cu) is a common contaminant in aquatic environments, which could cause physiological dysfunction in aquatic organisms. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of copper toxicity in freshwater fish over the past decade. In this research, the oxidative stress, liver transcriptome, intestinal microbiota, and histopathology of common carp (C. carpio) in response to Cu exposure were studied, by exposing juvenile carp to 0.2 mg/ml Cu for 30 days. The results revealed that Cu could induce significant changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) activity. The changes in antioxidant enzyme activities indicate that Cu can induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. RNA-seq analysis of the liver identified 1069 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after treatment with 2.0 mg/L Cu. Among the DEGs, 490 genes were upregulated and 579 genes were downregulated. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed that Cu could affect the fatty acid biosynthetic process, carnitine biosynthetic process, and activity of carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter. Meanwhile, the most significantly enriched KEGG pathway also included the lipid metabolism pathway. In addition, Cu exposure increased bacterial richness and changed bacterial composition. At the phylum level, we found that the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes was increased in the treatment carps, which can regulate intestinal epithelium function and reduce inflammation and immune responses. At the genus level, the abundances of 11 genera were significantly altered after exposure to Cu. The altered composition of the microbial community caused by Cu exposure may play a useful role in compensation of the intestinal lesions by Cu exposure. Furthermore, we found that Cu exposure could cause histological alterations such as structural damage to the liver and intestines. The results of this research contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms related to Cu toxicity in fish.
铜（Cu）是水生环境中的一种常见污染物，它可能导致水生生物生理功能障碍。然而，在过去十年中，很少有研究全面研究铜毒性对淡水鱼类的影响。在这项研究中，通过将幼鲤鱼暴露于 0.2 mg/ml Cu 中 30 天，研究了 Cu 暴露对鲤鱼的氧化应激、肝脏转录组、肠道微生物群和组织病理学的影响。结果表明，Cu 可以通过产生活性氧（ROS）含量来诱导丙二醛（MDA）含量和抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx））活性的显著变化。抗氧化酶活性的变化表明 Cu 可以通过产生活性氧（ROS）含量来诱导氧化应激。肝脏的 RNA-seq 分析表明，用 2.0 mg/L Cu 处理后，有 1069 个差异表达基因（DEGs）。在 DEGs 中，有 490 个基因上调，579 个基因下调。GO 功能富集分析表明，Cu 可以影响脂肪酸生物合成过程、肉碱生物合成过程和羧酸跨膜转运体的活性。同时，最显著富集的 KEGG 途径也包括脂质代谢途径。此外，Cu 暴露增加了细菌的丰富度并改变了细菌组成。在门水平上，我们发现处理鲤鱼中厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例增加，这可以调节肠道上皮功能并减少炎症和免疫反应。在属水平上，暴露于 Cu 后 11 个属的丰度发生了显著变化。Cu 暴露引起的微生物群落组成的改变可能在补偿 Cu 暴露引起的肠道损伤方面发挥有益作用。此外，我们发现 Cu 暴露会导致肝脏和肠道结构损伤等组织学改变。本研究的结果有助于更好地理解鱼类铜毒性相关的机制。
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