Li Hu, Liu Pei-Qin, Luo Qiu-Ping, Ma Jin-Jin, Yang Xiao-Ru, Yan Yu, Su Jian-Qiang, Zhu Yong-Guan
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, Peoples R China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
Environ Int. 2022 Dec;170:107577. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107577. Epub 2022 Oct 10.
Community and composition of dust-borne microbes would affect human health and are regulated by microbial community assembly. The dust in kindergarten is always collected to evaluate the microbial exposure of children, yet the microbial assembly, their interactions, and potential pathogens in kindergarten dust remain unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the microbial community assembly and structures, and potential bacterial pathogens in outdoor dust of kindergartens, and reveal the factors influencing the assembly and composition of microbial community. A total of 118 urban dust samples were collected on the outdoor impervious surfaces of 59 kindergartens from different districts of Xiamen in January and June 2020. We extracted microbial genomic DNA in these dusts and characterized the microbial (i.e., bacteria and fungi) community compositions and diversities using target gene-based (16S rRNA genes for bacterial community and ITS 2 regions for fungal community) high-throughput sequencing. Potential bacterial pathogens were identified and the interactions between microbes were determined through a co-occurrence network analysis. Our results showed the predominance of Actinobacteria and α-Proteobacteria in bacterial communities and Capnodiales in fungal communities. Season altered microbial assembly, composition, and interactions, with both bacterial and fungal communities exhibiting a higher heterogeneity in summer than those in winter. Although stochastic processes predominated in bacterial and fungal community assembly, the season-depended environmental factors (e.g., temperature) and interactions between microbes play important roles in dust microbial community assembly. Potential bacterial pathogens were detected in all urban dust, with significantly higher relative abundance in summer than that in winter. These results indicated that season exerted more profound effects on microbial community composition, assembly, and interactions, and suggested the seasonal changes of potential risk of microbes in urban dust. Our findings provide new insights into microbial community, community assembly, and interactions between microbes in the urban dust, and indicate that taxa containing opportunistic pathogens occur commonly in urban dust.
空气传播微生物的群落和组成会影响人类健康，并受微生物群落组装的调控。幼儿园的灰尘常被收集起来以评估儿童的微生物暴露情况，然而幼儿园灰尘中的微生物组装、它们之间的相互作用以及潜在病原体仍不清楚。在此，我们旨在研究幼儿园室外灰尘中的微生物群落组装、结构及潜在细菌病原体，并揭示影响微生物群落组装和组成的因素。2020年1月和6月，我们在厦门市不同区的59所幼儿园的室外不透水表面共采集了118份城市灰尘样本。我们提取了这些灰尘中的微生物基因组DNA，并使用基于靶基因（细菌群落用16S rRNA基因，真菌群落用ITS 2区域）的高通量测序来表征微生物（即细菌和真菌）群落组成及多样性。通过共现网络分析确定潜在细菌病原体并确定微生物之间的相互作用。我们的结果表明，细菌群落中放线菌和α-变形菌占优势，真菌群落中座囊菌目占优势。季节改变了微生物的组装、组成和相互作用，细菌和真菌群落夏季的异质性均高于冬季。尽管随机过程在细菌和真菌群落组装中占主导地位，但季节依赖性环境因素（如温度）和微生物之间的相互作用在灰尘微生物群落组装中起重要作用。在所有城市灰尘中均检测到潜在细菌病原体，其相对丰度夏季显著高于冬季。这些结果表明季节对微生物群落组成、组装和相互作用的影响更为深远，并提示城市灰尘中微生物潜在风险的季节性变化。我们的研究结果为城市灰尘中的微生物群落、群落组装及微生物之间的相互作用提供了新的见解，并表明含有机会性病原体的分类群在城市灰尘中普遍存在。
