Debash Habtu, Ebrahim Hussen, Bisetegn Habtye
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
SAGE Open Med. 2022 Oct 11;10:20503121221129720. doi: 10.1177/20503121221129720. eCollection 2022.
This study was designed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis among patients attending at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia over the last 5 years.
A 5-year retrospective study was conducted at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Data were summarized and analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 26 version software, respectively. To present the data and evaluate the patterns in cutaneous leishmaniasis cases across the 5 years, months, and seasons, descriptive statistics were utilized. In multivariable logistic regression analysis of determinants in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis positivity, -value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
The overall positivity rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 31.1% (452 out of 1455) over the last 5 years at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital. The result showed a fluctuating yet declining trend in cutaneous leishmaniasis infections. The highest number of cases was registered in 2016, while the lowest was in 2020. Males and the age group of 15-49 years, accounted 78.5% and 79.9% of the patients, respectively, were the hardest hit by cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area. Similarly, the highest number of cases was observed in Dehana district (268). From all registered confirmed cases, 54 (10.7%) were previously treated cases. Moreover, the majority of cases, 423 (93.6%) were localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and most of the lesions were on the face.
Although the results indicate a fluctuating yet declining trend, the positivity rate of confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the area remains alarming and indicates a major public health burden. Therefore, efforts are required to reduce the disease burden through continuous monitoring and evaluation of control measures in the study area.
本研究旨在确定过去5年在埃塞俄比亚东北部塞科塔的特费拉·海卢纪念医院就诊的皮肤利什曼病患者的流行病学和临床特征。
在埃塞俄比亚东北部的特费拉·海卢纪念医院进行了一项为期5年的回顾性研究。数据分别使用Microsoft Excel和SPSS 26版本软件进行汇总和分析。为了呈现数据并评估5年、月份和季节中皮肤利什曼病病例的模式，采用了描述性统计方法。在与皮肤利什曼病阳性相关的决定因素的多变量逻辑回归分析中，P值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在过去5年中，特费拉·海卢纪念医院皮肤利什曼病的总体阳性率为31.1%（1455例中有452例）。结果显示皮肤利什曼病感染呈波动但下降趋势。病例数最多的是2016年，最少的是2020年。男性以及15 - 49岁年龄组分别占患者的78.5%和79.9%，是该地区受皮肤利什曼病影响最严重的群体。同样，德哈纳区观察到的病例数最多（268例）。在所有登记确诊的病例中，54例（10.7%）为既往治疗过的病例。此外，大多数病例，即423例（93.6%）为局限性皮肤利什曼病，且大多数病变位于面部。
尽管结果表明呈波动但下降趋势，但该地区确诊皮肤利什曼病病例的阳性率仍然令人担忧，表明存在重大公共卫生负担。因此，需要通过持续监测和评估研究区域的控制措施来努力减轻疾病负担。
