Yustisia Ika, Tandiari Delvina, Cangara Muhammad Husni, Hamid Firdaus, Daud Nu'man As
Master Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2022 Oct 3;8(10):e10896. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10896. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Excessive consumption of fat and sugar is associated with various chronic diseases. However, the variation of fat and sugar content in the diet greatly affected the outcome. In this study, a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHFD) formula was made with a composition of 31.99% carbohydrate, 40.7% fat, 11.8% protein, and an additional 30% fructose drink to confirm the effects of HFHFD on metabolic health and pathological changes in organs, especially the liver, kidneys, pancreas, muscles, and spleen. A total of 24 male Wistar rats aged 8-12 weeks were divided into four groups: standard chow (SC), HFHFD, SC + carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and HFHFD + CCl4. After eight weeks of dietary intervention, body mass index, obesity index, lipid profiles, liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, serum uric acid and urea levels, and tissue histopathology were examined. HFHFD with the main unsaturated fatty acids of linoleic acid (14.57%) and palmitoleic acid (8.28%), the main saturated fatty acids of stearic acid (13.62%) and myristic acid (10.09%), and a low trans-fatty acids content, did not promote the rats to become obese. However, liver histology examination showed severe hepatic steatosis (78.33%), leading to steatohepatitis accompanied by an increase in serum ALP (p < 0.01), triglyceride (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.05), and uric acid (p < 0.001) levels. Other histological features showed moderate lesions (45%) of the kidney, slight vacuolization of the pancreas, and a mild increase of inflammatory cells in the spleen and muscle. So, this study found that although HFHFD did not promote obesity within 8 weeks of administration, it induced hepatic and renal lesions, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia as a metabolic consequence of excessive fatty acids and fructose.
脂肪和糖的过量摄入与多种慢性疾病有关。然而，饮食中脂肪和糖含量的变化对结果有很大影响。在本研究中，制作了一种高脂肪、高果糖饮食（HFHFD）配方，其组成为31.99%碳水化合物、40.7%脂肪、11.8%蛋白质，并额外添加30%果糖饮料，以确认HFHFD对代谢健康和器官病理变化的影响，特别是肝脏、肾脏、胰腺、肌肉和脾脏。总共24只8至12周龄的雄性Wistar大鼠被分为四组：标准饲料（SC）组、HFHFD组、SC + 四氯化碳（CCl4）组和HFHFD + CCl4组。经过八周的饮食干预后，检测了体重指数、肥胖指数、血脂谱、肝功能测试、空腹血糖、血清尿酸和尿素水平以及组织病理学。HFHFD中主要的不饱和脂肪酸为亚油酸（14.57%）和棕榈油酸（8.28%），主要的饱和脂肪酸为硬脂酸（13.62%）和肉豆蔻酸（10.09%），反式脂肪酸含量较低，并未促使大鼠肥胖。然而，肝脏组织学检查显示严重肝脂肪变性（78.33%），导致脂肪性肝炎，同时血清碱性磷酸酶（p < 0.01）、甘油三酯（p < 0.001）、总胆固醇（p < 0.05）和尿酸（p < 0.001）水平升高。其他组织学特征显示肾脏有中度病变（45%），胰腺有轻微空泡化，脾脏和肌肉中有炎症细胞轻度增加。因此，本研究发现，尽管HFHFD在给药8周内未促进肥胖，但它作为过量脂肪酸和果糖的代谢后果，诱发了肝脏和肾脏病变、血脂异常和高尿酸血症。
