Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Front Immunol. 2022 Sep 30;13:994480. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994480. eCollection 2022.
Macrophages are key regulators of inflammation and repair, but their heterogeneity and multiple roles in the liver are not fully understood. We aimed herein to map the intrahepatic macrophage populations and their function(s) during acute liver injury. We used flow cytometry, gene expression analysis, multiplex-immunofluorescence, 3D-reconstruction, and spatial image analysis to characterize the intrahepatic immune landscape in mice post-CCl-induced acute liver injury during three distinct phases: necroinflammation, and early and late repair. We observed hepatocellular necrosis and a reduction in liver resident lymphocytes during necroinflammation accompanied by the infiltration of circulating myeloid cells and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. These parameters returned to baseline levels during the repair phase while pro-repair chemokines were upregulated. We identified resident CLEC4F Kupffer cells (KCs) and infiltrating IBA1CLEC4F monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) as the main hepatic macrophage populations during this response to injury. While occupying most of the necrotic area, KCs and MoMFs exhibited distinctive kinetics, distribution and morphology at the site of injury. The necroinflammation phase was characterized by low levels of KCs and a remarkable invasion of MoMFs suggesting their potential role in phagoctosing necrotic hepatocytes, while opposite kinetics/distribution were observed during repair. During the early repair phase, yolksac - derived KCs were restored, whereas MoMFs diminished gradually then dissipated during late repair. MoMFs interacted with hepatic stellate cells during the necroinflammatory and early repair phases, potentially modulating their activation state and influencing their fibrogenic and pro-repair functions that are critical for wound healing. Altogether, our study reveals novel and distinct spatial and temporal distribution of KCs and MoMFs and provides insights into their complementary roles during acute liver injury.
巨噬细胞是炎症和修复的关键调节者,但它们在肝脏中的异质性和多种作用尚未完全了解。本研究旨在绘制急性肝损伤时肝内巨噬细胞群体及其功能图谱。我们使用流式细胞术、基因表达分析、多重免疫荧光、3D 重建和空间图像分析,在 CCl4 诱导的急性肝损伤后三个不同阶段(坏死炎症、早期和晚期修复)描述小鼠肝内免疫景观。我们观察到坏死炎症期间肝细胞坏死和肝固有淋巴细胞减少,同时循环髓样细胞浸润和炎症细胞因子上调。这些参数在修复阶段恢复到基线水平,而促修复趋化因子上调。我们确定驻留的 CLEC4F 库普弗细胞 (KC) 和浸润的 IBA1CLEC4F 单核细胞衍生巨噬细胞 (MoMF) 是损伤反应中的主要肝巨噬细胞群体。KC 和 MoMF 在占据大部分坏死区域的同时,在损伤部位表现出独特的动力学、分布和形态。坏死炎症阶段 KC 水平低,MoMF 显著浸润,提示其在吞噬坏死肝细胞中的潜在作用,而在修复过程中观察到相反的动力学/分布。在早期修复阶段,蛋黄囊衍生的 KC 得到恢复,而 MoMF 逐渐减少并在晚期修复期间消散。MoMF 在坏死炎症和早期修复阶段与肝星状细胞相互作用,可能调节其激活状态并影响其纤维生成和促修复功能,这对伤口愈合至关重要。总之,本研究揭示了 KC 和 MoMF 的新的和独特的时空分布,并深入了解了它们在急性肝损伤中的互补作用。
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