从 1998 年到 2022 年针对重症肌无力的靶向免疫治疗的知识图谱：文献计量分析。

BACKGROUND: The treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) has advanced from steroids and traditional immunosuppressants to targeted immunotherapy. Targeted immunotherapy has been successfully employed in clinical practice in recent years. This study aimed to explore the emerging trend of targeted immunotherapy in MG and summarize the knowledge structure through bibliometric methods. METHODS: The Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) was chosen to retrieve the literature on targeted immunotherapy for MG. Two bibliometric analysis software, VOSviewer and CiteSpace, and bibliometric online platform were mainly used to evaluate the contributions from countries/regions, institutions, journals, and authors through the construction and visualization of bibliometric networks. By systematically reviewing a knowledge domain, future research developments were determined. The R version 4.1.2 and Microsoft Excel 365 were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 562 original articles and 262 reviews relevant to MG targeted immunotherapy were included. The number of publications on targeted immunotherapy for MG exhibited a two-phase advancement. The first stage showed a steady growth trend from 1998 to 2016, with an annual number of no more than 35 publications. The second stage revealed an explosive growth trend from 2017, reaching a peak number of publications in 2020. The United States ranked first in the number of publications, citations, and h-index. The author with the highest citation and h-index was Vincent A. And 28.03% of the articles were published in the top 10 journals. In addition to "myasthenia gravis", the keyword with the highest consideration was "rituximab", followed by "double-blind", which indicate research hotspots gradually from basic research to clinical research over time, especially in the field of targeted immunotherapy. The MG treatment has entered a personalized precision treatment phase. Exploration into new target molecules and conducting high-quality randomized controlled trials on existing biological agents are the further research direction. CONCLUSION: The current study summarized the global research trends concerning targeted immunotherapy for MG. Research interests gradually advanced from basic research to clinical research. MG treatment has entered a personalized precision treatment phase. Further investigations into new target molecules and high-quality randomized controlled trials on existing biological agents are required urgently to direct future immunotherapy research.

背景：重症肌无力 (MG) 的治疗已经从类固醇和传统免疫抑制剂发展到靶向免疫治疗。近年来，靶向免疫治疗已在临床实践中得到成功应用。本研究旨在探讨 MG 靶向免疫治疗的新趋势，并通过文献计量学方法总结知识结构。

方法：选择 Web of Science 核心合集数据库 (WoSCC) 检索 MG 靶向免疫治疗的文献。主要使用两种文献计量分析软件（VOSviewer 和 CiteSpace）和文献计量在线平台，通过构建和可视化文献计量网络，评估国家/地区、机构、期刊和作者的贡献。通过系统地回顾一个知识领域，确定未来的研究发展方向。使用 R 版本 4.1.2 和 Microsoft Excel 365 进行统计分析。

结果：共纳入 562 篇原始文章和 262 篇关于 MG 靶向免疫治疗的综述。MG 靶向免疫治疗的出版物数量呈两阶段发展。第一阶段从 1998 年到 2016 年呈稳步增长趋势，每年出版物数量不超过 35 篇。第二阶段从 2017 年开始呈爆炸式增长，在 2020 年达到出版物数量的峰值。在出版物数量、被引频次和 h 指数方面，美国排名第一。被引频次和 h 指数最高的作者是 Vincent A。28.03%的文章发表在排名前 10 的期刊上。除了“重症肌无力”，被考虑最多的关键词是“利妥昔单抗”，其次是“双盲”，这表明随着时间的推移，研究热点逐渐从基础研究转向临床研究，尤其是在靶向免疫治疗领域。MG 的治疗已经进入个性化精准治疗阶段。探索新的靶分子，并对现有的生物制剂进行高质量的随机对照试验，是进一步的研究方向。

结论：本研究总结了全球关于 MG 靶向免疫治疗的研究趋势。研究兴趣逐渐从基础研究推进到临床研究。MG 的治疗已经进入个性化精准治疗阶段。迫切需要进一步探索新的靶分子，并对现有的生物制剂进行高质量的随机对照试验，以指导未来的免疫治疗研究。