Ogas-Mendez Alberto Federico, Pei Xuanda, Isoda Yuzuru
Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, 1-1 Jumonjihara, Beppu, Oita, 874-8577, Japan.
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
Habitat Int. 2022 Dec;130:102688. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102688. Epub 2022 Oct 12.
The COVID-19 outbreak magnified territorial inequalities and increased vulnerability among low-income groups. Inhabitants in informal settlements are structurally disadvantaged in coping with communicative diseases such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite that, the pandemic has been accompanied by the proliferation of informal settlements. This study explores how the pandemic caused the squatting on new land with the case of "Los Hornos" in suburban Buenos Aires. We used a random forest algorithm and Google Earth Engine to estimate the rapid growth of a new informal settlement from a series of satellite images from early 2020. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with inhabitants to investigate the link between squatting and COVID-19. The study revealed that squatting on new land during the pandemic was mainly due to economic difficulties, overcrowding in existing informal settlements in the metropolitan center, and speculation in the informal housing market. This case is an example of how the most vulnerable groups bore the brunt of the pandemic, how the households in the existing informal settlement were behaving similar to those in the formal housing market (i.e., away from the urban centers), and how the outbreak had also been an opportunity for collective action of squatting a new land to materialize.
新冠疫情加剧了地区不平等，增加了低收入群体的脆弱性。非正规住区的居民在应对诸如新冠疫情这样的传染病方面，在结构上处于劣势。尽管如此，疫情期间非正规住区仍在不断增多。本研究以布宜诺斯艾利斯郊区的“洛斯奥尔诺斯”为例，探讨了疫情如何导致了新土地上的 squatting 现象。我们使用随机森林算法和谷歌地球引擎，根据2020年初以来的一系列卫星图像，估算了一个新的非正规住区的快速增长情况。我们还对居民进行了半结构化访谈，以调查 squatting 与新冠疫情之间的联系。研究表明，疫情期间新土地上的 squatting 现象主要是由于经济困难、大都市中心现有非正规住区过度拥挤以及非正规住房市场的投机行为。这个案例说明了最弱势群体如何首当其冲地受到疫情影响，现有非正规住区的家庭如何表现得与正规住房市场的家庭类似（即远离城市中心），以及疫情如何也成为了集体行动 squatting 新土地得以实现的契机。
文中“squatting”一词可能在特定语境中有特殊含义，这里直接保留英文未翻译，需结合上下文准确理解其确切意思。
