肯尼亚内罗毕青春期女孩和年轻妇女（AGYW）在 COVID-19 大流行前和大流行期间遭受性骚扰的横断面研究。
Sexual harassment before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2022 Oct 17;12(10):e066777. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066777.
OBJECTIVES
Sexual harassment among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) is a prevalent and understudied form of gender-based violence (GBV) with negative impacts on health and well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic raised global concern about GBV within homes; less is known about how it affected GBV in public spaces.
METHODS
Present analyses use cross-sectional data from a cohort of adolescents and young adults residing in Nairobi, Kenya, restricted to female participants. Data were collected August-October 2020 via phone after implementation of COVID-19 restrictions. Prevalence of past-year sexual harassment and harassment relative to COVID-19 restrictions were calculated for overall sample, and by individual, household, and pandemic-related factors. Multivariate negative binomial regression models examine correlates of (1) past-year sexual harassment and (2) increases in sexual harassment relative to COVID-19 restrictions.
RESULTS
Overall, 18.1% of AGYW experienced past-year sexual harassment at the 2020 survey. Among this group, 14.6% experienced sexual harassment pre-COVID-19 only, 18.8% after only and 66.6% at both time points. Among the latter group, 34.9% reported more occurrences following COVID-19 restrictions, 20.5% reported less occurrences and 44.7% reported no change in occurrence. Overall, 42.0% of AGYW experienced an increase in sexual harassment while 58.0% experienced no increase since COVID-19. In adjusted models, past-year sexual harassment was associated with higher educational attainment (adjusted risk ratio, aRR 2.11; 95% CI 1.27 to 3.52) and inability to meet basic financial needs (aRR 1.67; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.66). Increased sexual harassment since COVID-19 was associated with having full control to leave the home (aRR 1.69; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.90).
CONCLUSIONS
Sexual harassment among AGYW in Nairobi, Kenya was prevalent before and during COVID-19 restrictions. Safety in public spaces remains a highly gendered issue that impacts women's safety and ability to participate in public life. Prevention and support services to address sexual harassment remain an important element in ensuring safe, sustainable public spaces.
目的
少女和年轻女性（AGYW）中的性骚扰是一种普遍存在且研究不足的基于性别的暴力（GBV）形式，对健康和福祉有负面影响。COVID-19 大流行引起了全球对家庭内 GBV 的关注；但对于它如何影响公共空间中的 GBV，了解甚少。
方法
本分析使用了肯尼亚内罗毕的青少年和年轻人队列的横断面数据，仅限于女性参与者。数据于 2020 年 8 月至 10 月通过电话收集，正值 COVID-19 限制实施之后。计算了总体样本以及个人、家庭和与大流行相关因素方面过去一年性骚扰和与 COVID-19 限制相关的骚扰的发生率。多变量负二项回归模型检查了（1）过去一年性骚扰和（2）与 COVID-19 限制相比性骚扰增加的相关因素。
结果
总体而言，18.1%的 AGYW 在 2020 年的调查中经历了过去一年的性骚扰。在这一组中，14.6%仅在 COVID-19 之前经历过性骚扰，18.8%仅在 COVID-19 之后经历过，66.6%在两个时间点都经历过。在后一组中，34.9%报告 COVID-19 限制后发生的情况更多，20.5%报告发生的情况更少，44.7%报告发生的情况没有变化。总体而言，42.0%的 AGYW 经历了性骚扰的增加，而 58.0%的 AGYW 自 COVID-19 以来没有增加。在调整后的模型中，过去一年的性骚扰与更高的教育程度（调整后的风险比，aRR 2.11；95%CI 1.27 至 3.52）和无法满足基本财务需求（aRR 1.67；95%CI 1.05 至 2.66）相关。自 COVID-19 以来性骚扰的增加与完全有能力离开家（aRR 1.69；95%CI 1.00 至 2.90）相关。
结论
在内罗毕的肯尼亚，少女和年轻女性中的性骚扰在 COVID-19 限制之前和期间都很普遍。公共空间的安全性仍然是一个高度性别化的问题，影响着妇女的安全和参与公共生活的能力。预防和支持服务以解决性骚扰仍然是确保安全、可持续公共空间的一个重要组成部分。
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